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Pollution, by definition, is something introduced into the environment that harmfully disrupts it. While nature sometimes produces its own damaging contaminants1)―wildfires send up billows of smoke and ash, volcanoes belch2) noxious gases―humans are responsible for the lion’s share3) of the pollution plaguing the planet today.
Wherever we go, we seem to have a knack4) for leaving our rubbish and waste behind. Visit even the most remote outpost on the planet and you will witness this first hand5). Still, the world is a big place. Might there be some last holdouts free from the taint of our pollution? Answering that question works best if we break down the environment into6) four realms―the sky, land, freshwater and ocean.
Sky and Land
Air pollution comes in many forms. Smog is mostly composed of particulate matter7) and ozone. And its impact on human health and the environment can be severe. In India alone, ozone pollution causes crop losses equivalent to $1.2 billion per year. In terms of human health, outdoor air pollution costs an estimated one million lives per year, while air pollution produced in homes―usually a by-product of cooking fires―kills around two million people annually.
When carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and other primary pollutants (those that are injected directly into the atmosphere) find their way high into the atmosphere, they often get transformed through chemical reactions into what scientists refer to as secondary pollutants. Some of these pollutants can linger for months. Others, like methane8), are less reactive and may circulate the globe for years until they are eventually broken down or find their way to the ground via snow or rain.
Pollution expelled into the air gets transported vast distances by winds and atmospheric currents. For instance, Indonesia has recently been clearing large tracts of forest with fire to create new palm oil plantations―and Singapore now contends with significant haze9) problems due to its neighbour’s slash-and-burn tendencies. Smoke pollution can travel even further than that, however: Fires used for farming in South America and southern Africa are a major source of air pollution for the entire southern hemisphere. On occasions, pollution emitted from one source region can find its way around the globe more than once.
So based on what we know about atmospheric currents and pollution distribution, it’s safe to say that there are no places on the planet guaranteed to be fully free from air pollution. And therefore that goes for the land surface too.
That said, however, there are places where the air is cleaner. In general, the Southern Hemisphere’s air is better than the Northern Hemisphere’s, just by virtue of10) the fact that fewer people live there. While pollution does move around the world, there is less mixing between the hemispheres due to barrier-like wind patterns. The South Pole, therefore, probably contains the cleanest air on Earth given its remoteness. But as Helen ApSimon, a professor of air pollution studies points out, there’s still a massive pollution-caused hole in the ozone layer hovering over Antarctica, and deposits of black carbon can be readily spotted on that continent’s snow.
Water
Air pollution, unfortunately, also affects water, and therefore cancels out hope that perfectly clean freshwater bodies exist. But while pollution from the air does settle in water, it’s actually pollution from land that acts as the primary contaminant for freshwater resources. Chemicals, fertilisers11) and waste seep into groundwater and wash into lakes, streams and rivers, often winding up12) in the ocean. The result is dead zones―swathes13) of fresh or saltwater devoid of life. Dead zones occur when nutrient loads from land cause massive microbial14) blooms, which in turn deplete the water of oxygen. These tubs of death are found all over the world, but the Gulf of Mexico’s Mississippi River Delta is perhaps the most infamous example.
Raw sewage15) and industrial waste are primary culprits wreaking havoc16) on freshwater. In many countries, “sanitation” refers only to removing waste from homes―not treating it before returning it to the environment. By some estimates, 80% of wastewater generated in developing countries is discharged directly into local waterways. That figure can be worse on a case-to-case basis: New Delhi dumps 99% of its wastewater into the Yamuna River, for example, while Mexico City pumps all of its liquid refuse17) into the Mezquital Valley. That is the main source of pollution all over the world.
According to Asit Biswas18)’s research, none of South Asia’s 1.65 billion people have access to clean, safe tap water; more than half of China’s rivers and lakes are too polluted to drink; and 72% of samples collected from Pakistan’s water supply system were found to be unfit for human consumption.
As with the air, freshwater bodies furthest from humans are probably also the cleanest. Canada’s far northern lakes and rivers, along with the Arctic and Antarctic’s freshwater are likely candidates for least-polluted bodies of water. Glacial layers that formed prior to the Industrial Revolution as well as sub-glacier lakes trapped far below the surface could in fact be pristine. Antarctica’s Lake Vostok, for instance, is buried under ice that is 400,000 years old. But these water bodies are clean because humans cannot physically get to them―other than by using drills.
Ocean
Even the oceans, which remain largely unexplored and occupy a whopping19) 70% of the Earth’s surface, have not escaped our pollution’s reaches. Today, an estimated 60%~80% of marine pollution originates from land, reaching the water through harbours, dirty beaches and polluted waterways that drain into the sea. Of that pollution, plastic is the most pervasive20). That’s because most plastic takes centuries―perhaps even longer―to completely disappear.
Surprisingly, some of the remotest places in the ocean are also some of the most polluted, thanks to the patterns of the currents. Midway Atoll, a speck21) of land in the middle of the North Pacific, for example, is uninhabited save22) for scientists who visit for a few weeks at a time. But it’s covered in washed up debris, which often fatally finds its way into the digestive system of seabirds living there.
Likewise, the deep sea was once thought to be largely cut off from the human world, but the more we explore, the more we are coming to terms with the fact that that is not the case. “I’ve done a lot of work on the bottom of the ocean with submarines and ROVs [remote operated vehicles], and there’s human debris everywhere,” says Lisa Levin, a biological oceanographer at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego, California. “It brings home23) the fact that human beings are an integral part of marine ecosystems now.”
On the deep-sea floor, the most readily identifiable pollution tends to be cans and bottles, though discarded fishing gear, ropes, metal objects, military ammunition24) and even old shoes regularly turn up, too. The diversity of garbage represents the fact that, historically, “people used the ocean as a dumping ground,” Levin says. In addition to the things we can see, much more is likely buried under the sediment25), she adds, while other forms of pollution cannot be spotted by the human eye, such as microplastic―former bottles and bags that have broken down into ever smaller particles. Those tiny plastic pieces fill the ocean and “are probably impossible to ever clean up,” says Jenni Brandon, a graduate student in biological oceanography at the Scripps Institution.
Plastic pollution is not the only man-made waste contaminating the ocean, however. Oil spills regularly occur all over the world, even if the majority of them escape the notice of Western media. Persistent chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) also leach into the water from land, and then travel up the marine food chain.
And not all marine pollution is physical. Noise pollution caused by things like ship engine noise and sonar26) is becoming an increasing problem that has been implicated in whale, dolphin and squid deaths. “There are some places that don’t have physical debris―or at least where we haven’t found physical debris,” Brandon says. “But it would be hard to find anywhere that hasn’t had any human impacts.”
Some human impacts on the marine realm can also be completely unexpected. In 2007, for example, several amphipod crustaceans scooped up from water 11 km below the surface of the Pacific Ocean turned out to have cow DNA within their guts. “How do you get cow to the bottom of the Kermadec Trench?” Levin says. “I’m sure it was just a ship dumping its leftovers.”
While a burger for lunch may or may not harm those trench-dwelling creatures, it does demonstrate just how deeply our influence on the planet reaches. Whether our contaminants take the form of a discarded lunch, human excrement27) or billions of metric tonnes of airborne pollutants, we’re left with an unfortunate but clear answer: There probably is no place on Earth without pollution. In other words, as Biswas says, “We human beings have done a wonderful job of contaminating the environment around us.”
污染,就其定義而言,是指某些物質(zhì)進(jìn)入環(huán)境并對(duì)其造成有害的破壞。大自然有時(shí)會(huì)自發(fā)生成破壞性污染物,比如野火會(huì)產(chǎn)生滾滾的濃煙和灰燼,火山會(huì)噴射出有毒的氣體。然而,對(duì)當(dāng)今全球蔓延的大部分污染負(fù)有責(zé)任的都是人類。
無(wú)論走到哪里,我們似乎都習(xí)慣于留下垃圾和廢棄物。即使前往地球上最偏遠(yuǎn)的邊區(qū)村落,你都能親眼看到這一點(diǎn)。然而,地球是一個(gè)廣袤之地,是否還有未被人類污染的最后陣地呢?要想完滿地回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題,我們可以將環(huán)境劃分為四個(gè)領(lǐng)域―天空、陸地、淡水和海洋。
天空和陸地
空氣污染的形式多種多樣?;姻仓饕深w粒物和臭氧組成,會(huì)對(duì)人類健康和環(huán)境產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的影響。僅在印度,臭氧污染每年給農(nóng)作物造成的損失就相當(dāng)于12億美元。就人類健康而言,室外空氣污染預(yù)計(jì)每年導(dǎo)致一百萬(wàn)人喪生,而主要由烹飪用火引起的室內(nèi)空氣污染每年會(huì)導(dǎo)致約兩百萬(wàn)人喪生。
當(dāng)一氧化碳、二氧化氮和其他原生污染物(指那些直接排放到大氣中的污染物)進(jìn)入高空大氣的時(shí)候,它們通常會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)化學(xué)反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成科學(xué)家們所說(shuō)的次生污染物。這類污染物中,有一些可以在空中停留幾個(gè)月,而像甲烷等另一些不易發(fā)生反應(yīng)的污染物則有可能會(huì)在地球上循環(huán)流通多年,直到最終被分解,或通過(guò)雪或雨落到地面。
排放到空氣中的污染物可以被風(fēng)和氣流帶到很遠(yuǎn)的地方。例如,印度尼西亞最近一直在火燒大片森林,以開辟新的棕櫚油種植園,而新加坡目前全力應(yīng)對(duì)的嚴(yán)重?zé)燊矄?wèn)題就源于與它相鄰的印度尼西亞這種刀耕火種的態(tài)勢(shì)。然而,煙塵污染傳播的距離更遠(yuǎn):南美洲和非洲南部為耕作而燃燒的大火就是整個(gè)南半球空氣污染的主要來(lái)源。有時(shí),某污染發(fā)源地排放的污染物會(huì)不止一次地?cái)U(kuò)散到全球。
那么,基于我們對(duì)氣流和污染傳播的了解,我們可以有把握地說(shuō),這個(gè)星球上沒(méi)有任何地方可以保證完全沒(méi)有空氣污染。由此說(shuō)來(lái),陸地表面的情況也是如此。
不過(guò),就算這樣,還是有些地方的空氣更潔凈些。大體來(lái)說(shuō),南半球的空氣質(zhì)量要優(yōu)于北半球,原因就在于那里的人口更少。雖然污染會(huì)在全球流動(dòng),但由于像屏障似的風(fēng)帶的存在,南北半球之間很少交互污染。因此,鑒于南極遠(yuǎn)離人煙,那里很可能擁有地球上最潔凈的空氣。但是,正如從事空氣污染研究的海倫?艾普西蒙教授指出的那樣,懸浮在南極洲上空的臭氧層中仍有一個(gè)由污染造成的巨大的臭氧空洞,在那片陸地的積雪上很容易看到黑碳沉積物。
淡水
很不幸,空氣污染也會(huì)波及淡水,所以別指望有絕對(duì)干凈的淡水水體存在了。不過(guò),盡管空氣中的污染物的確會(huì)融入淡水中,但淡水資源的首要污染源實(shí)際上是陸地?;瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)、肥料和廢水會(huì)滲入地下水,被沖入湖泊、溪流和河流中,最終通常會(huì)以匯入海洋而告終。污染的結(jié)果就是出現(xiàn)死亡水域―無(wú)生命存在的淡水或咸水區(qū)域。死亡水域之所以會(huì)出現(xiàn),是因?yàn)榇罅縼?lái)自陸地的營(yíng)養(yǎng)性污染物引起微生物的大量繁殖,從而耗盡了水域中的氧氣。這些盆狀死亡水域遍布全球,但墨西哥灣的密西西比河三角洲或許是最為臭名昭著的例子。
未經(jīng)處理的污水和工業(yè)廢水是造成淡水嚴(yán)重污染的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住T谠S多國(guó)家,“環(huán)境衛(wèi)生”僅指將垃圾從家里清除出去―不做任何處理就讓其返回到環(huán)境中。根據(jù)一些估算,發(fā)展中國(guó)家產(chǎn)生的80%的污水都被直接排放到了當(dāng)?shù)厮乐?。就個(gè)案來(lái)說(shuō),數(shù)據(jù)可能更糟糕。例如,新德里將99%的廢水排入了亞穆納河,而墨西哥城將其所有液態(tài)垃圾倒進(jìn)了梅茲奎塔爾河谷。這就是全球的主要污染源。
根據(jù)阿西特.比斯瓦斯的研究,南亞的16.5億人中無(wú)人能喝到干凈、安全的自來(lái)水;中國(guó)半數(shù)以上的河流和湖泊因污染嚴(yán)重而無(wú)法飲用;巴基斯坦供水系統(tǒng)的采樣中有72%經(jīng)測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)不適合人類飲用。
和空氣一樣,距離人類最遠(yuǎn)的淡水水體很可能也是最干凈的。加拿大最北端的湖泊和河流以及北極和南極的淡水很可能就屬于污染最少的淡水水體之列。事實(shí)上,工業(yè)革命之前形成的冰層和深埋于冰面以下的冰下湖可能都是純凈的。例如,南極洲的福斯多克湖被埋在冰層下長(zhǎng)達(dá)40萬(wàn)年。但是,這些水體純凈的原因是人類無(wú)法真正接觸到它們―除非使用鉆孔機(jī)。
海洋
海洋覆蓋了地球表面的70%之多,其絕大部分區(qū)域尚未被人類勘探,即便如此,它也未能逃過(guò)人類的污染。目前,預(yù)計(jì)有60%~80%的海洋污染源于陸地,污染物通過(guò)港口、骯臟的海灘以及與海洋相通的水道進(jìn)入海域。塑料制品在海洋污染中最為普遍,因?yàn)榻^大多數(shù)塑料制品需要幾百年―甚至可能需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間―才能完全消失。
不可思議的是,因?yàn)檠罅髂J降挠绊?,海洋中某些最為偏遠(yuǎn)的地方也是污染最嚴(yán)重的一些地方。例如,中途島環(huán)礁是北太平洋中部的一個(gè)小島,那里沒(méi)有居民居住,只有科學(xué)家會(huì)前往調(diào)研,每次調(diào)研持續(xù)幾周。但是島上覆蓋著被沖上岸的垃圾。這些垃圾通常會(huì)進(jìn)入當(dāng)?shù)睾xB的消化系統(tǒng)中,具有致命的作用。
同樣,人們?cè)J(rèn)為深海的大部分區(qū)域都與人類世界隔絕,但是我們探測(cè)得越深入,我們就越是不得不接受一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí):事實(shí)并非如此?!拔以脻撍Ш退聶C(jī)器人(遙控操作裝置)對(duì)海底做了大量的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)那里到處都是人類的垃圾,”加州圣迭哥市斯克利普斯海洋研究所的海洋生物學(xué)家麗莎?萊文說(shuō)道,“這清楚地表明,人類目前已經(jīng)是海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中一個(gè)不可分割的組成部分了?!?/p>
在深海的海床上,最容易識(shí)別的污染物往往是金屬罐和瓶子,不過(guò)廢棄漁具、繩子、金屬物體、軍事裝備甚至舊鞋子也會(huì)不時(shí)地出現(xiàn)。萊文說(shuō),垃圾的多樣性表明,從歷史上看,“人們都把海洋當(dāng)做了傾倒垃圾的場(chǎng)所”。除了我們可以看到的這些東西,可能還有更多污染物被埋在沉積物的下面,她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)道,而還有一些形式的污染是人類肉眼無(wú)法看到的,比如微塑料,它是由被丟棄的瓶子和袋子分解而成的更小的顆粒。那些微小的塑料碎片遍布海洋,并且“可能永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法清除干凈”,斯克利普斯研究所海洋生物學(xué)專業(yè)研究生詹尼?布蘭登說(shuō)。
然而,塑料污染并不是污染海洋的唯一人造垃圾。石油泄漏事故在世界各地經(jīng)常發(fā)生,盡管其中大部分事故都逃過(guò)了西方媒體的關(guān)注。多氯聯(lián)苯等持久性化學(xué)物質(zhì)也會(huì)從陸地流入海洋,隨后往上進(jìn)入海洋食物鏈。
海洋污染并不都是有形的。由輪船發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和聲吶造成的噪音污染已成為一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題,鯨魚、海豚和魷魚的死亡可能都與此有關(guān)。“有些地方確實(shí)沒(méi)有有形的垃圾―或者至少是我們沒(méi)在那里發(fā)現(xiàn)有形垃圾,”布蘭登說(shuō),“但是我們很難找到一個(gè)未受人類影響的地方?!?/p>
人類對(duì)海洋領(lǐng)域的某些影響也可能完全出人意料。例如,在2007年,人們?cè)谔窖笏?1公里處撈出很多端足目甲殼動(dòng)物,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的內(nèi)臟中竟含有奶牛的DNA?!叭祟愂侨绾伟涯膛У娇笋R德克海溝的底部呢?”萊文說(shuō),“我敢肯定這是輪船傾倒殘羹剩菜引起的?!?/p>
午餐吃的漢堡也許不一定會(huì)傷害到那些生存在海溝里的生物,但這的確表明了我們對(duì)地球的影響有多深。無(wú)論我們的污染物是以丟棄的午餐、人類排泄物還是以數(shù)十億噸的空氣污染物的形式存在,我們都面臨一個(gè)不幸而明確的回答:地球上可能已經(jīng)沒(méi)有未被污染的地方了。換言之,正如比斯瓦斯所說(shuō):“在污染周遭環(huán)境方面,我們?nèi)祟愓媸浅煽?jī)卓著。”
17. refuse [?refju?s] n. 廢料,廢物;垃圾
18. Asit Biswas:阿西特.比斯瓦斯,印度環(huán)境學(xué)家,因?qū)W⒂谒Y源管理研究而聞名,是第三世界水管理中心的創(chuàng)始人。
19. whopping [?w?p??] adj. 巨大的,龐大的
20. pervasive [p?(r)?ve?s?v] adj. 遍布的;流行的,普遍的
21. speck [spek] n. 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)
22. save [se?v] prep. 除……之外
23. bring home:以強(qiáng)調(diào)的形式清楚地顯示(或證實(shí)),(向……)活生生地揭示
24. ammunition [??mj??n??(?)n] n. 軍事裝備
25. sediment [?sed?m?nt] n. 沉積物
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是啊,我就這樣心甘情愿的維系著,下一步我是相信愛情還是相信約定呢?
我不敢想,也許,有一天你會(huì)厭倦了游戲,也許,你的心早已撲朔迷離,
也許,你的心里還保留曾經(jīng)的回憶,我揣摩不出,我的心禁不住太多風(fēng)雨,
我不怪你,即使受了傷,也只能說(shuō)是前世欠你,有時(shí)候愛真的像是飛蛾撲向火炬,
即便是死,也是至死不渝,風(fēng)那么大,吹得我講不出話,看著波浪忽上忽下,
這便是人心么?可以對(duì)幾個(gè)人好,可以裝作不知道,這青春就這樣消失掉,
像大海一樣,潮起潮落,終將隱于滄桑。慢慢我才知道有些感情可以像買橡皮擦一樣,
越是漂亮的橡皮擦越是討人喜歡,人也一樣。記得很久前我說(shuō),
“我愿意變成一塊橡皮擦,擦掉你所有不開心的事,”
你有強(qiáng)迫癥嗎?總怕沒(méi)鎖門,這是強(qiáng)迫癥初期。每次上下樓梯,都會(huì)數(shù)一下階梯數(shù),以保證右腳走完最后一級(jí)臺(tái)階,這是強(qiáng)迫癥的中期。媽媽說(shuō),我們一家子就差一個(gè)處女座,要給我添一個(gè)處女座弟弟。哎呀,沒(méi)治了,這是強(qiáng)迫癥晚期!有強(qiáng)迫癥的人傷不起,強(qiáng)迫癥的人生好艱難!
小時(shí)候,我總是想像自己的胳膊和身體之間有蹼一樣的東西。走在路上,如果看到一些臟東西,我總要抬起胳膊,防止“蹼”把臟東西裹進(jìn)去。如果一不小心忘了抬胳膊,我就會(huì)回頭,再把胳膊從臟東西上方繞過(guò)去。
手指骨折去掛骨科。醫(yī)生:“手指怎么斷的?” 我說(shuō):“我有強(qiáng)迫癥。” 醫(yī)生:“你手指斷了跟強(qiáng)迫癥有什么關(guān)系?” 我說(shuō):“十個(gè)手指九個(gè)都響,就它不響。”
問(wèn):“如果神贈(zèng)予你999999999999元的財(cái)產(chǎn),你想要什么?”
普通人:“房產(chǎn)、地皮、豪車、游艇、專機(jī)……”
強(qiáng)迫癥患者:“還想要一塊錢。”
以前,我吃水果時(shí)會(huì)犯輕微的強(qiáng)迫癥。舉個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的例子,比如,我吃西瓜一類的水果就必須把所有的籽都要吐出來(lái),感覺如果把籽吃下去就會(huì)有不好的結(jié)果。為此,室友常常笑話我:“難道你吃草莓也要把表面的籽一粒一粒地挖下來(lái)?”
我當(dāng)時(shí)笑而不語(yǔ),因?yàn)槲疫€真這么做過(guò),只不過(guò)我不愛吃草莓。
后來(lái),記得那是一個(gè)圣誕節(jié),同學(xué)送給我一個(gè)火龍果。我當(dāng)時(shí)是第一次見這種水果,而且無(wú)可救藥地愛上了它的味道。
再后來(lái),我改掉了強(qiáng)迫癥。
“整數(shù)強(qiáng)迫癥是什么?”
“當(dāng)你看到現(xiàn)在是19:17分,你決定湊個(gè)整數(shù),玩到20:00再忙正經(jīng)事,卻一不小心玩到了20:03,然后你決定再湊個(gè)整數(shù),玩到21:00?!?/p>
今天坐公交車,我掏出公交卡刷卡。以前刷一下就會(huì)響,今天卻不響了。因?yàn)槲矣袕?qiáng)迫癥,不把它刷響就不能走。于是,我又刷了好幾遍卡。這時(shí),司機(jī)不耐煩了,罵了我一句:“你有錢你就任性???刷了十來(lái)遍了?!蔽艺f(shuō):“刷卡機(jī)壞了?”司機(jī)淡淡地對(duì)我說(shuō):”我調(diào)了靜音。”
昨晚跟老媽聊天,然后聊起我有強(qiáng)迫癥,并舉了幾個(gè)例子。老媽狂笑一陣,然后默默地問(wèn):“那你有時(shí)候閑著沒(méi)事做把衣柜里的衣服全部拿出來(lái),重新疊好又放回去,這算強(qiáng)迫癥嗎?”我說(shuō):“這就是強(qiáng)迫癥??!”老媽又說(shuō):“原來(lái)這就是強(qiáng)迫癥啊,你爸還以為你腦子有問(wèn)題呢?!?/p>
包大人接了一個(gè)密室殺人的案子,勘查半天后,發(fā)現(xiàn)兇手有潔癖,什么東西都沒(méi)有留下!
忽然,包大人笑道:“兇手百密一疏,這密室中竟然有如此大的一處疏漏,我已經(jīng)知道兇手是誰(shuí)了,隨我來(lái)!”說(shuō)罷,他就離開了案發(fā)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
不一會(huì)兒,一個(gè)黑影鬼頭鬼腦地溜進(jìn)密室,推開門縫,仔細(xì)地查看里面的情況。
這時(shí),包大人大喝道:“來(lái)人,把這個(gè)兇手抓起來(lái)!”
兇手喊道:“我不服!”
1、世界那么大,我想看看,沒(méi)有下一句,這句話原本是老師的辭職信,終于在網(wǎng)上廣為流傳。
2、女教師卻是一個(gè)身經(jīng)百世的文學(xué)女青年,資深的心理教師,也是一個(gè)有一定經(jīng)濟(jì)積累的文學(xué)女青年,教了十年,是學(xué)校的骨干,有錢人不是,但一個(gè)布衣大千世界里走走停停的人,還是可以的。
3、大多數(shù)人也是一聽一看一樂(lè),然后繼續(xù)低頭工作。然而,身體不能到達(dá),心渴望它??傆X得這混凝土的格子禁錮了你的想象,世俗的責(zé)任折斷了你飛翔的翅膀,總期待有一天也可以任性,瀟灑的走一回。
(來(lái)源:文章屋網(wǎng) )
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------------------------部分課程介紹------------------------
高二生物一對(duì)一輔導(dǎo)課程
課程設(shè)置:個(gè)性化定制
適用范圍:高二
課程特色:幫學(xué)員夯實(shí)知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)、解析試題規(guī)律、點(diǎn)撥學(xué)習(xí)方法,讓你快樂(lè)的學(xué)習(xí),高效的學(xué)習(xí)。
世界那么大,誰(shuí)都想去看看,不說(shuō)世界景點(diǎn)美國(guó)大峽谷,澳大利亞大堡礁,美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)州,新西蘭的南島……國(guó)內(nèi)的景點(diǎn)沒(méi)機(jī)會(huì)一飽眼福的也大有人在,一首膾炙人口的《我要去拉薩》,除了曲調(diào)優(yōu)美,屹立著圣潔的珠穆朗瑪,天邊的云霞,凌空飛舞吉祥的哈達(dá),壯麗的布達(dá)拉,不知吸引了多少人。但好的去處實(shí)在太多太多,如西湖的碧波漓江的水,韶山?jīng)_里的清泉美,還有令人流連往返的蘇杭……
“背起行囊尋找天堂”,來(lái)一次“說(shuō)走就走的旅行”,并非是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事,除了要有足夠的金錢,還必須有時(shí)間、健康的身體作保障,尤其對(duì)上班一族來(lái)說(shuō),來(lái)一次“說(shuō)走就走的旅行”掣肘真的還不少。
“世界那么大,我想去看看”做得最干脆的,可能要數(shù)女教師顧少?gòu)?qiáng)了,人家不拖泥不帶水,而是采取了辭職,說(shuō)真的能做到她這樣徹底的還不多。要么沒(méi)錢,要么沒(méi)時(shí)間,要么時(shí)間金錢都有了,身體不行了。相比之下,我們的女主人公,作為一家外資IT企業(yè)的管理人員,請(qǐng)病假去看世界就有點(diǎn)過(guò)了。如此,不僅是一種不誠(chéng)信的表現(xiàn),病假將被取消,而未到崗時(shí)間也是曠工,而請(qǐng)病假期間工資照領(lǐng),更是一種欺騙,對(duì)于這樣不誠(chéng)信的職工,依規(guī)處理筆者認(rèn)為一點(diǎn)也不過(guò)分。公司講究的不僅是效益,更重視誠(chéng)信,所謂“人無(wú)信不立,業(yè)無(wú)信不興”,放著如此不講誠(chéng)信的員工不治,何以治公司,是可忍孰不可忍?
從前哪,有一只大象,認(rèn)為自己是世界上最大的動(dòng)物。于是,他就在自己的家門口掛了一張旗子,上面寫著“世界最大的動(dòng)物”。
這時(shí),一只猴子跑過(guò)來(lái),說(shuō):“大象,你不是世界上最大的動(dòng)物,藍(lán)鯨比你大幾十倍呢。”
大象說(shuō):“哦?真的嗎?我不相信,快帶我去看看!”
于是,猴子帶大象去了海邊。他們好不容易爬上了一個(gè)小島,大象說(shuō):“藍(lán)鯨在哪里呀?世界上根本沒(méi)有藍(lán)鯨這種動(dòng)物!”大象正說(shuō)著,腳下的小島動(dòng)了起來(lái),哎呀,不好,大象一腳踩空,掉到了海里。猴子拼命地喊:“救命呀!救命呀!大象落水了!”原來(lái),他們踩得不是小島,是藍(lán)鯨的背呀!
藍(lán)鯨慢慢地把大象和猴子拖上了岸,藍(lán)鯨說(shuō):“呵呵,大象,我剛才聽到你說(shuō)的話,你說(shuō)世界上沒(méi)有藍(lán)鯨,我就是藍(lán)鯨??!”大象羞紅了臉。藍(lán)鯨說(shuō):“忘了說(shuō)了,我的身體有七間房子那么大?!?/p>
大象說(shuō):“你和我又不一樣,我是哺乳動(dòng)物,你又不是哺乳動(dòng)物!”
猴子說(shuō):“你說(shuō)錯(cuò)了,大象,藍(lán)鯨也跟我們一樣,是哺乳動(dòng)物?!贝笙笮叩媚樃t了。
大象不好意思的回家,把旗子降了下來(lái)。
從此,大象再也不驕傲了!
世界上有許多美麗的花,但是我只喜歡蟹爪蘭。
我喜歡它是因?yàn)樗?。從遠(yuǎn)處看,它就像一把撐開的繡著粉紅色花邊的綠色小傘。還像小姑娘穿的一條花裙子。
從近處看,它的葉片是綠色的,一片挨著一片,一節(jié)連著一節(jié)。有點(diǎn)像螃蟹的爪子。大概是因?yàn)檫@一點(diǎn),所以人們才給它取名叫蟹爪蘭吧。它的花是粉色的像一個(gè)個(gè)小喇叭?;ò耆崛岬?、軟軟的。聞上去有一點(diǎn)淡淡的清香。
細(xì)看蟹爪蘭葉片的頂端還有很多花骨朵呢。那些花骨朵有的像小米粒那么大,有的像大米粒那么大,還有的像玉米粒那么大。它能開好多天呢,你知道為什么嗎?告訴你吧,這么多花骨朵總是接二連三地開放著,這朵謝了,那朵開了,這邊謝了,那邊又開了,整盆花總是那么美,總能帶給人們快樂(lè)。
我愛美麗的蟹爪蘭。
假如有一天你的夢(mèng)想得以實(shí)現(xiàn),你是否會(huì)想到你的成功就是源于哪里?是不是沾沾自喜?覺得這些都是你一直以來(lái)的努力。其實(shí)你應(yīng)該感謝你的環(huán)境,你身邊的那些人給你創(chuàng)造的良好背景。
你要感謝他們?cè)谀阆葔?mèng)想的過(guò)程當(dāng)中給你幫了忙,而不會(huì)有那么大的阻力。
也許生活不僅僅是我們所想象的那樣容易,但是她也并不是那樣復(fù)雜。