情人節(jié)寄語精選(九篇)
前言：一篇好文章的誕生，需要你不斷地搜集資料、整理思路，本站小編為你收集了豐富的情人節(jié)寄語主題范文，僅供參考，歡迎閱讀并收藏。
第1篇：情人節(jié)寄語范文
情人節(jié)賀卡祝福語【經(jīng)典版】
1) 在這深情的季節(jié)里，我好想送你一束盛開的玫瑰和數(shù)不盡的祝福!但愿這玫瑰的清香能淡淡地散發(fā)出對你的柔柔關(guān)懷和思念的氣息，情人節(jié)快樂!
2) 在這個與眾不同的情人節(jié)里，我把誓言一生一世戴在你的手指上，縱然一生平平淡淡，同嘗甘苦，我愿永遠為你擋風(fēng)遮雨共度朝朝暮暮。情人節(jié)快樂!
3) 我的愛為你開啟，像白色的閃電劃破天際;我的愛為你奔馳，像紅色的血液充滿身體，愛人，情人節(jié)快樂!
4) 我的手愿放在你手里，握手深情甜如蜜;我的心愿靠在你心里，心心相印永不渝。我的眼愿看在你眼里，望一眼柔情時空也停。情人節(jié)到了，祝你幸?？鞓贰?/p>
5) 我的思念是綿綿的風(fēng)，從春到夏，從秋到冬，只要你的窗簾輕輕飄動，就是我在輕聲地將你呼喚。寶貝，情人節(jié)快樂!
6) 生活是詩，也是歌;生日便是它最精彩的華章，最優(yōu)美的旋律。讓我們共同把歡樂融進每一個詞句每一個音符!祝你情人節(jié)快樂!
7) 時間沖不淡真情的酒，距離拉不開思念的手。想你，直到地老天荒，直到永久。情人節(jié)快樂!
8) 我沒有錢，不能送你玫瑰，但我有一顆真心，為你祈禱快樂平安。即使當我耗盡能量，也會化做一顆流星，去劃亮這段永恒的愛情。情人節(jié)快樂!
9) 我沒有多的言語，只有一句話要告訴你：和你在一起，你是一切!沒有你在身邊，一切是你!情人節(jié)快樂!
10) 時間將證明我對你堅定而又執(zhí)著的愛，別讓時空距離猜疑彼此的真情與信心，堅持到底決不輕言放棄。情人節(jié)快樂!
情人節(jié)賀卡祝福語【精選版】
1) 思念的路，沒有盡頭;無星的夜，唯燈相伴，心中的舟，以愛為帆;沒你的日，十分掛念，借助這小小短信把我最真摯的祝福及最深的思念傳達給你，祝你日記情人節(jié)快樂。
2) 甜蜜的微笑，柔情的眸子，雖然寂然無聲，卻勝過海誓山盟;真情的凝望，癡心的守護，或許不夠浪漫，卻勝過無力的承諾。情人節(jié)，我只愿與你攜手到老!
3) 我從靈魂深處愛你，我愿意把生命交給你，由你接受多少就多少，當初是這樣，現(xiàn)在也決不變更，情人節(jié)快樂!
4) 我的心為你開啟，象白色的閃電劃破天際;我的愛為你奔馳，象紅色的血液充滿身體;我只是要你知道一句話，那就是我愛你，愛你!
5) 情深深，雨蒙蒙，送祝福;要快樂，要幸福，愛情火焰燒心頭;感情一浪高一浪，彼此攜手永長久。情人節(jié)，親愛的祝你節(jié)日快樂。
6) 情書，是我寫的;電話，是我打的;玫瑰，是我送的;祝福，是我說的：情人節(jié)快樂!
7) 請珍惜你擁有的每一個偶然，抓住屬于你的每一個瞬間!!我永遠屬于你!想念你我的愛!情人節(jié)快樂!
8) 人生的路很長很長，讓我陪你一起走吧。我愿與你搭建一個屬于我們自己的天空。情人節(jié)快樂!
9) 日子在消散，時間在縮短，沒事別亂竄，祝福在今天：沒有情人相伴，不如拿書看看，網(wǎng)上轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)，QQ聊天，影片海選，最重要一點：不用為戀人埋單!
10) 如果可以的話，我愿意用生命中的每一分每一秒陪著你，可是，現(xiàn)在我能做的，只是每一分每一秒想著你，情人節(jié)快樂!
11) 情人節(jié)快到了，為維護情場穩(wěn)定，國家將限情令，規(guī)定每個人只能擁有一個情人，凡擁有兩個及以上情人的，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)征收多情稅。朋友，悠著點。
12) 情人思念總濕潤而溫暖，堅韌得可以穿越光年!哪怕你銀河彼端，我也會召集所有鵲鳥，為愛鋪平找你道路!祝情人節(jié)快樂!
13) 如果漂亮是一種罪，你已罪惡滔天!如果氣質(zhì)是一種錯，你已一錯再錯!如果智慧要受懲罰，你豈不要千刀萬刮!預(yù)祝天下第一氣質(zhì)美女情人節(jié)快樂!
14) 我想你的時候，你也想我嗎?無論我們相距多遠，無論前面的路有多長，情人節(jié)只想說：愛上你是我今生最大的幸福。
15) 情人節(jié)，讓我倆彼此擁抱浪漫，兩個人的浪漫靠在一起就是溫暖，兩個人的溫暖靠在一起就不懼嚴寒。不懼嚴寒就會情意纏綿，情意纏綿就會地久天長。
16) 希望能牽手一起走過今后的日子，不管是鮮花鋪路，還是荊棘滿地，不離不棄，彼此相愛，我會永遠伴隨你左右!祝你情人節(jié)快樂!
17) 無數(shù)個思念你的夜晚，想起與你共度的歡樂時光，我祈求流星，讓我下世能夠與你相遇，相愛，直到天荒地老!情人節(jié)快樂!
18) 我想你想的減肥計劃報銷，念你念的睡不著覺，夢里都是你我寧可傻掉，吃飯都沒味道只有你能換掉。情人節(jié)沒你，世界應(yīng)該引爆。為了地球的存在，情人節(jié)來找我吧。
19) 情人節(jié)到了，送你一朵花表示我想你了，送你兩朵花，表示我很想你，送你滿山遍野的花：還不快跑啊，大黃蜂被引來了。情人節(jié)快樂。
20) 喜歡你也許是我錯了，愛上你我真的變了許多!傻瓜，我愛你!情人節(jié)快樂!
情人節(jié)賀卡祝福語【熱門版】
1) 想你，和那一個新春的午后，想你從林深處緩緩走來，你是我含笑的百合花;想你，好象也沒有什么分別，在日里在夜里，在每一個情人節(jié)里!
2) 一朵玫瑰代表一份簡單純潔的愛情，一束玫瑰代表一段狂熱沖動的愛情，一團玫瑰則代表一句一生一世的承諾!情人節(jié)快樂!
3) 你是我心中最美的陽光，燃燒著萬丈光芒，我常常仰望天空發(fā)呆，不怕眼睛灼傷的痛楚，用相機拍下你的倩影，用記憶儲存你的身影，用畫筆畫下你的背影。寫下浪漫的小詩，然后用手機傳送。
4) 片片塵埃鋪展在撕碎的歡樂上，你長袖輕舞，就能掃去塵埃，重聚往日的歡樂，思念，若說這是夢，我愿是不醒的夢，因夢中有您，夢里有情!情人節(jié)快樂!
5) 七夕如愿，盼今朝紅葉香殘怨可消，朝朝暮暮圖永久，纏纏綿綿訴心焦。上天又給我一個約你的借口，相愛的人兒，與你共度，天天都是情人節(jié)。
6) 情場如戰(zhàn)場，我已經(jīng)被你徹底打敗，從幾天開始我就是你的俘虜了，我已經(jīng)做好只求付出，不圖回報的準備了，希望你能在我的付出中快樂下去。
7) 情人節(jié)，對你的思念太重，壓斷了電話線，燒壞了手機卡，掏盡了錢包袋，吃光了安眠藥，哎!可是我還是思念你。祝你情人節(jié)快樂!
8) 你對我的愛，我感受的到，就像夜晚的路燈，寒冬的火爐，盛夏的清風(fēng)，海中的哨塔，我工作的動力，未來的向往，生活的幸福。我快樂的源泉，我溫馨的港灣。
9) 你是我生命中最閃亮的音符，我的生活因你而精彩!愿美好的樂章譜滿我們以后的每一個清晨與黃昏，親愛的，情人節(jié)快樂!
10) 緣份是不變的歸依，相思是不舍的依戀，相愛是不移的意志，浪漫是不懈的追求，牽掛是不分的彼此，愛人是不老的容顏，愛情是不朽的神話。預(yù)祝情人節(jié)快樂!
11) 愿我小小的賀卡象只美麗的蝶兒在你花一般的夢里輕盈地飄翔，飛落象只歡快的雀兒在你夢一般的花間，唱起祝福的歌：情人節(jié)快樂!
12) 云朵上面是晴空，風(fēng)雨之后是陽光，牽掛后面是愛戀，分離以后是重逢。珍惜所有的感動，你我攜手到白頭。祝七夕快樂，愛情甜蜜。
13) 在愛情的世界里，我一無所有，也一無所知，在情感的小站里，我愿你是第一位來客，也是永遠的主人，伴著我寵著我：一生一世，情人節(jié)快樂!
14) 在這個特別的日子里，也許我不應(yīng)該找饒你，但我希望身在遠方的你能感應(yīng)到我深深的祝福?情人節(jié)快樂!
15) 你的溫柔是我珍藏的記憶，你的微笑是我幸福的筆記，你的美麗總有詩篇回憶，你的嫵媚總有修飾語句，日記情人節(jié)，我真誠的約你一起共度。
16) 情人節(jié)了，把青春送你，讓你永遠美麗;把微笑送你，讓你比蒙娜麗莎還神秘;天有點冷，更別忘了加件御寒的衣。只要你的健康，回復(fù)我更甜蜜!
17) 種一粒紅豆果，發(fā)一棵相思樹，撿一塊三生石，寫一段不了情，擁抱情人節(jié)，我不想輕易承諾，時間會訴說一切，愛你!
18) 真心擁抱春天，你會聞到花香;真心擁抱夏天，你會聽到好信;真心擁抱秋天，你會得到豐收;真心擁抱冬天，你會取到溫暖。擁抱情人節(jié)，真心擁抱你的愛人，你會感到幸福永遠!
19) 緣分的天空與你尋尋覓覓，感情的接力陪你山山水水，生活中點點滴滴，與你共同采集，過去的一切皆成美好記憶。送虎迎兔，歲月更迭，浪漫情路，你知我心!情人節(jié)快樂!
20) 遇見你，是一種緣分;愛上你，是一種幸福;想念你，是一種習(xí)慣;珍惜你，是一種永恒;祝福你，是一種必然。情人節(jié)快樂!
看了情人節(jié)賀卡祝福語的人還看
1.情人節(jié)賀卡祝福語
2.經(jīng)典浪漫的情人節(jié)賀卡祝福語
3.情人節(jié)賀卡祝福語大全
第2篇：情人節(jié)寄語范文
2、七是七月初七喜上喜，夕是情意濃濃要珍惜，節(jié)是相約相伴特殊節(jié)，快是心花怒放快樂頌，樂是喜上眉梢樂悠然。七夕情人節(jié)快樂！
3、今天七夕，祝有緣的人浪漫邂逅，有意的人互通靈犀，有情的人成就佳緣，有婚的人美滿繼續(xù)。無論你是哪種人，今天都有愛情契機。
4、快樂七夕夜，愛情永不滅；傳送真摯情，沒有真不行；轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)諸朋友，祝福永不朽；失手信刪除，友情仍長久；保存此短信，今生都快樂！
5、青春不常在，抓緊談戀愛；戀愛談得快，世界充滿愛；情人一對對，七夕來相會；玫瑰花太貴，多買也浪費；短信跑得快，足以表心懷。
6、趁著青春年少，還算花容月貌，何不愛河撒網(wǎng)，直把金龜來釣。談情理當趁早，追男宜在今朝，七夕一年一次，機會切莫放掉。七夕快樂！
7、把愛你的語言，在想念的夜晚熬煉，只為情人節(jié)這天，巧克力有無盡的香甜，我把自己小心地，包在巧克力中間，祝你七夕情人節(jié)過得香甜！
8、七是一個奇數(shù)，需要一個你湊成偶數(shù)；夕是一天的末尾，需要一個你，與我相約黃昏后。七夕節(jié)這一天，我在鵲橋的另一邊等你，不見不散！
9、紅娘把人間帥哥美女登記造冊，送給月老審閱，月老看后吩咐：七夕快到了，給最善良最能干最聰明最幸福的人發(fā)個短信，提前祝他七夕快樂！
10、你是我心中最美的花朵，任憑風(fēng)雨永不凋落；我是你眉梢最艷的云霞，任憑冰雪永不融化。牽手此生不夠，相約來生依舊。親愛的，七夕愉快！
11、鵲橋是銀河的傳奇，你是我心中的傳奇。浪漫緣分是上天的安排，愛情神話是永恒的未來。許多的奇跡只有相信才會存在。親愛的，七夕愉快！
12、微風(fēng)飄飄夏斑斕，萬紫千紅心孤單。明眸盈盈愛呢喃，黃鸝聲聲可聽見？朝朝暮暮是眷戀，萬水千山念紅顏。牛郎織女鵲橋見，七夕相愛每一天！
13、人生似夢摸不透，夢中幾度夕陽紅。傷心失落曾有過，背起行囊去尋夢。人生似戲看不懂，總在戲中做情種。拋開煩憂笑清風(fēng)，七夕盼你到夢中。
14、收藏清晨第一縷陽光，采摘大地第一顆露珠，錄制天空第一聲鳥啼，擷取花叢第一味芬芳，在七夕這一天送給你，愿你七夕快樂第一，幸福第一！
15、天上神仙不羨仙，只慕鴛鴦在人間。你我情投還意合，雙雙喜慶把家安。和睦相處守恩愛，執(zhí)子之手天長久。浪漫七夕將來到，一條短信表真心。
16、鵲橋相會在七夕，一片癡心在七夕，訴說相思在七夕，濃情蜜意在七夕，恩愛甜美在七夕，牛郎織女許諾過：此條短信轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)七，包你幸福在七夕。
17、七月七日女會郎，闌珊星斗綴珠光，遙借鵲橋來傳情，思慕之心斷我腸，銀漢牛郎有人望，凡間如我無思量，只望伊人回短信，佛曰：功德無量。
18、七月七日是七夕，牛郎織女會鵲堤，神奇短信先送你，接收愛情定甜蜜，存儲感情更堅毅，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)家庭添和氣，即使刪除沒關(guān)系，生活幸福如你意！
第3篇：情人節(jié)寄語范文
2、老天也被我們純真的愛情感動而純潔，大海也為我們的深情而博大，大地也為了見證我們的誓言而永恒；親愛的，我愛你!直到地老天荒心不變
3、甜蜜的微笑，柔情的眸子，雖然寂然無聲，卻勝過海誓山盟；真情的凝望，癡心的守護，或許不夠浪漫，卻勝過無力的承諾。情人節(jié)，我只愿與你攜手到老！
4、想念你笑顏如花，將你深深迷戀；想給你萬千繁華，將你濃濃愛戀；想給你日日溫暖，將你時時保護；想給你刻刻關(guān)懷，將你久久擁抱！情人節(jié)快樂！
5、情人節(jié)感慨：你來了我沒看到，我走了你也不知道，緣分的擦肩如此奇妙。不許哭，也不能鬧，還能說出我愛你就好。但是姑娘都在別人的懷抱，叫我如何是好
6、2.14情人節(jié)了，把青春送你，讓你永遠美麗；把微笑送你，讓你比蒙娜麗莎還神秘；天有點冷，更別忘了加件御寒的衣。只要你的健康，回復(fù)我更甜蜜！
7、思念是縈繞的花香，漫過山野，飄往天際，祝福是無邊的關(guān)注，溢出眼睛，直達心底。我把漫天的思念和無邊的祝福送給你，可否考慮做我的北鼻？
8、現(xiàn)在有錢人就是貴族嗎？NO，單身才是貴族！單身貴族身上閃耀著謎一樣的色彩，吸引著無數(shù)人好奇的眼光！單身的你，其實很迷人哦！
9、我對你的愛可以直到永遠，我的你情可以穿越時空，執(zhí)著是我對你承諾，永恒是我對你誓言，我愛你的心永遠不變，直到?？菔癄€！親愛的，我愛你！
10、愛情本無對與錯，只有考試那么做。風(fēng)趕殘云云追月，蝶不畏刺花有約。愛恨情愁不能說，雙絲網(wǎng)有千千結(jié)。風(fēng)清云淡撩人夜，濃情蜜意情人節(jié)！
11、酒肉穿腸過，佛祖心中坐。美女對面走，一眼心中留。這是一見鐘情嗎？我不知道！我只知道，這輩子我是徹底被你俘虜了！親愛的，我愛你！
12、根據(jù)《中華人民共和國最新條例》規(guī)定：想你是我的任務(wù)，念你是我的責(zé)任，愛你是我的義務(wù)！我知道你不忍心看我坐牢，那就讓我照顧你一輩子吧！
13、問世間情為何物，只叫人生死相許?我們在心靈的荒地種滿玫瑰，把攝人心魄的花香吹進愛人的心房，讓浪漫的日子慢慢流淌。祝情人節(jié)快樂！
14、西樓望月月如鉤，寂寞情深深鎖愁。我多想飛到你的身旁，讓你感受玫瑰的芬芳。無奈佳節(jié)難聚，別有一番滋味在心頭??！祝你節(jié)日快樂，想我，念我！
15、偶然的相遇注定了一生的牽手，歲月在變不變的是愛的相守。在天愿做比翼鳥，在地愿為連理枝。讓玫瑰花送來我的祝福：愿有情人愛到白頭！
16、你是我心中最美的陽光，燃燒著萬丈光芒，我常常仰望天空發(fā)呆，不怕眼睛灼傷的痛楚，用相機拍下你的倩影，用記憶儲存你的身影，用畫筆畫下你的背影。寫下浪漫的小詩，然后用手機傳送。
17、我的心只剩一半了，另一半在你那里；我的手只剩一只了，另一只在緊緊地拽著你；我的人只剩一半了，另一半我在緊緊地追隨著你。我的思念只剩一半了，另一半已被吹到風(fēng)里。2月14日就是情人節(jié)了，不是我說話不想吉利，快樂的感覺，就是天天和你在一起！
18、再艷麗的玫瑰也會凋謝，但我對你愛永遠不變；再甜的巧克力也會過期，我對你的熱情卻永遠也不會消退；電影感人不過90分鐘而已，我對你的寵愛卻是一生一世直到永遠心不移！親愛的，我愛你！讓我來保護你一輩子吧！
第4篇：情人節(jié)寄語范文
In his theory of psychoanalysis， Freud introduced the term “Oedipus complex” also called “Mother fixation” according to the Ancient Greece and Rome mythology in which Oedipus who killed his father and married his mother to designate a boy’s strong love for and attachment to his mother and consequent jealousy and hatred towards his father. Unconsciously the boy may even nourish a desire to kill his father and marry his mother. This is a crucial stage in the normal psycho-sexual developmental process， and those who fail to pass the stage will be unable to establish a normal man-woman relationship when they grow up. After introducing the origin and understanding of Mother Fixation， the thesis points out that D. H. Lawrence， together with his works， especially Sons and Lovers， is a specific evidence of the Oedipus complex. In the traditional Chinese family culture，combining with some of the special relationship of the sons and mothers and the conflicts between the mothers and daughters-in-law they reveals the phenomenon and essence of Mother Fixation. The thesis firstly explains the understanding and analyzes the study status of Mother Fixation at home and abroad. Secondly， it gets evidence of Mother Fixation from the lifetime of Lawrence. Finally， it analyzes the work sons and loves. With the depiction of wars between the dramatis personas Mrs. Morel and the lovers of her son Paul， psychological dependence and the abnormal love of the mother and son， the ambivalence and the tragedy of the dramatis personas， it reveals to us that how Mother Fixation injure the body and soul of people.
Key Words
Mother Fixation; psychological dependence; specific evidence; abnormal love
摘 要
弗洛伊德在其精神分析學(xué)說中根據(jù)古希臘羅馬神話俄狄浦斯王子殺父娶母而提出“俄狄浦斯”亦稱“戀母情結(jié)”這個概念，認為三歲至五歲的男孩會自然而然地戀母嫉父，并在潛意識中存著殺父娶母的欲望；不能順利度過這一階段的男孩成年之后往往難以確立正常的戀愛或夫妻關(guān)系。本文旨在細述對戀母情結(jié)的來源和對戀母情結(jié)的理解后，指出20世紀英國作家勞倫斯及其作品，尤其是《兒子與情人》，便是“戀母情結(jié)”的有力佐證，并從勞倫斯的生平和這部作品中找出事實與證據(jù)，結(jié)合中國傳統(tǒng)家庭文化中某些特殊的母子關(guān)系、婆媳的紛爭與矛盾關(guān)系中揭示了戀母情結(jié)的現(xiàn)象和本質(zhì)。本論文先是通過對戀母情結(jié)的理解和分析并闡述了國內(nèi)外對戀母情結(jié)的研究狀況；然后從作者勞倫斯生平事跡找出其身上戀母證據(jù)；最后分析作品《兒子與情人》，通過描述作品中由戀母情結(jié)所引發(fā)的戰(zhàn)爭，主人公莫瑞爾夫人和兒子保羅之間的心理依賴和畸戀，作品主人公的矛盾心理及主人公的悲劇來揭示戀母情結(jié)對人身心的傷害。
關(guān)鍵詞
戀母情結(jié)；心理依賴；有力佐證；畸戀
Introduction
Mother Fixation was a sensitive subject in the literature world that research about it was not much; Freud was also lack of specific evidence for it that was posed by him. In the 20th century， the work sons and lovers aroused a great sensation in the literature world that people put their attention to Mother Fixation. Most people believed that it was a strong evidence for Freud’s theory－Mother Fixation.
In the work sons and lovers， Mrs. Gertrude morel， the mother， was a woman of strong character and refinement. Her husband was a miner who drank heavily and he was irresponsible which often led to terrible quarrels in the family. Paul Morel grew up in such a miserable setting. The mother lavished her love on him and determined to save him from the shadow of the coal mine. But when he was in love with Miriam， Mrs. Morel was afraid that she might lose him so she did her best to come between them. Finally， the two lovers had to porce from each other. A second attachment， to Clara， gradually fizzled out， too clearly， both failures were caused by the possessive mother， it was not only until the mother died that the son began to find for his true love earnestly. It is one of the greatest autobiographical novels of the last century and it is loved far and wide in the world.
Although Lawrence denied this， his family background was so like the dramatic persona Paul’s. He was in love with the wife of a professor; the woman of three children was 6 years older than Lawrence made up for the loss of his mother. From Lawrence and his work Sons and Lovers we should learn something about it.
Ⅰ.The Understanding of Mother Fixation
A. The Origin of Mother Fixation
In one of the ancient Greece and Rome mythologies there was a prophecy that the new prince of Oedipus realm would be the person who kill his father and married his mother， after hearing the prophecy， the Oedipus King decided to dissent his son to the desolate mountain. Luckily， the young prince was rescued and brought up by a shepherd and was sent to Oedipus realm country as the son of Oedipus realm. The prince did a lot of charitable deed that the people regarded him as a hero and then supported him as the king of Oedipus realm. Becoming the king of Oedipus realm， the young king married the queen of Oedipus realm. One day he knew the truth that the queen was his mother and his father had been killed by him as a passenger. Realized this， the young Oedipus king dug out his eyeballs and then led a vagrant life. According the story， the Austrian psychologist Freud had posed the theory of Oedipus which also called Mother Fixation.
B. Analysis of Mother Fixation
In the ancient Greece and Rome mythology， the prince killed his father and married his mother; people believe that the phenomenon of incest was ignorant. But there was no doubt that in the western feudal dynasty such phenomenon was common. Because of the desire of right and wealth， the incest was inevitable. Mother fixation was on the basis of instinctual impulse， which was original essence. With the development of human society， Mother Fixation has a great change and it has developed from instinctual impulse into psychological dependence and love. There are several kinds of abnormal love: Father Fixation， Mother Fixation， Brother Fixation and Sister Fixation. In our daily life， Mother Fixation is the most common phenomenon. We can see that in our daily life the boy children always depend on his mother， also， in the mother’s eyes their children are little children forever. Many of the young children have a deep dependence on their mothers on psychology， even when they grow up. They are lack of their own judgment or thought. They do what their mothers ask them to and don’t do what their mothers don’t allow. What kinds of schools， work and wives they will choose not are not decided by themselves but their mothers. They believe that their mothers are the ones love them most and can be relied on that they don’t want to leave their mothers and they desire to stay with their mothers forever. In opposite， the mothers put most of their attention to their children. They try their best to protest their children. They decide everything for their children because they believe that they know what their children need. In their children’s life no body can take the place of their mother. Gradually they want to control the activity and thought of their children. The fever love will make the mothers have such a sense that they are afraid of losing their children. They prevent their son making so many friends especially female friends. They even interfere in their sons’ love and marriage. In their hart， they wish that their sons never leave them and marry other women. We can define it as selfish love but in most occasion it can be regarded as abnormal love， Mother Fixation ，such kind of love not only distort the normal love between mothers and sons but also affect their life， especially the happiness of the future life of the sons.
C. Foreign Studies of Mother Fixation
After Freud had posed the theory of Mother Fixation according to the Ancient Greece and Rome mythology that Oedipus killed his father and married his mother which was on the basis of core of instinctual impulse， many western psychologists fixed their eyes on Mother Fixation. Many of them did not agree with the idea of Freud because he could not provide specific evidence for his theory. Some of the psychologists agreed with Freud， but they believed that MotherFixation was not a common phenomenon because they focused on biological research， in their opinion， Mother Fixation was just a phenomenon of incest happened by chance. Evidently， they had a misunderstanding of mother fixation. With the development of human civilization， the core of Mother Fixation has developed from instinctual impulse into psychological dependence and love. Incest and parricide are every rare. In 20th century， the publication of Sons and Lovers and the experience of the author D.H.Lawrence had provided specific evidence to support the theory of Mother Fixation and it was further to reveal the essence of Mother Fixation. Although D.H.Lawrence himself denied the subject of Mother Fixation of his work， we can get strong evidence from his work Sons and Lovers.
D. Domestic Studies of Mother Fixation
In the Chinese traditional culture， people regarded the family value importantly. In the traditional culture of Chinese family， the sons and their wives live with their parents and the daughters –in-law will come to her husbands’ family. The conflicts between the mother and daughters-in-law are every common. As we know， the Chinese principles of family piety is a kind of traditional morality that the sons and daughters present a tribute to their parents， especially the sons and mothers have deep feeling with each other. The sons always listen to their mothers’ words and follow their counsels while the mothers regarding her son as her core of life. Once the wives of the sons come between them the peace of the family will break. The mothers will have such a sense that their daughters-in-law will take their sons away from them that something abnormal appear. Then the mothers will make something difficult for their sons’ wives and they will slander theirdaughters-in-law before their sons. In most situations， the sons will stand with their mothers， against their wives， and then the family conflicts appear due to Mother Fixation.
Ⅱ.D.H.Lawrence
A. The Experience of D.H.Lawrence
D.H.L was born in miner’s family of England in 1885.His father was a totally illiterate miner and his mother ， a primary school teacher who was born in a noble family was a woman of strong character and refinement. The broken marriage of D.H.Lawrence’s parents led to an unlucky family. Growing up in a poor and broken family， the young Lawrence was physically weak and full of illness. He had a deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. Lawrence was a literature genius that he started to publish his works from 1906.In 1913 his most great work Sons and Lovers published and the novel aroused strong reverberates in the literature world which established his position in the literature history. In 1912， Lawrence got acquainted with the wife of a professor， Frieda Weekly， who was 6 years older than Lawrence， a mother of three children. Every soon， they got love with each other and eloped to German， from then on， they led a vagrant life until he died. In 1930， Lawrence died in the south of France. During his lifetime， Lawrence published lots of works， such as Women in Love， Rainbow， Sons and Lovers and so on， which are loved far and wide in the world.
B. The Witness of Mother Fixation
In the 19th century of England， the people were pided into three stratums. They were the upper class， the middle class and the lower class. People from different classes had different goals and they were treated differently. So that families of equal standing were regarded seriously. Lawrence’ father， the miner of course from the lower stratum was ill iterated and choleric with a bad temper .He got acquainted with Lawrence’s mother， a primary school teacher who was from the middle class. The woman was every pride and she always complained that her husband was vulgar person without any ambition and regretted that it was miserable to marry him. The unlucky marriage was born which was the basis factor of abnormal love .The arrogant woman put much attention to her son that she want to realize her dream to be the upper class. Lawrence was her psychological dependence. The son of the miner’s family grew up under the shelter of his mother， and engendered the abnormal love which was different from the common human emotion. After the death of his mother， Lawrence terminated the engagement with his fiancé. No soon later， Lawrence got acquainted with Fried Weekly and fell in love with her. At last， Lawrence and Fried Weekly eloped， which was regarded as the strong evidence of Mother Complex under Lawrence because Frieda， the wife of a professor and a mother of three children who was 6 years older than Lawrence and made up for the Mother Fixation of Lawrence. Such love was reviled by people because it had distorted the moral love.
Ⅲ. Sons and Lovers
A. Main Contents of Sons and Lovers
Paul Morel was born in a miner’s family that his father Mr. Morel was a totally illiterate miner and his mother， Gertrude was primary school teacher who was born in a good old burgher family， famous independents who had fought with Colonel Hutchinson， and， who remained stout Congregationalists. Moreland Gertrude got acquainted at a dancing party， sooner they fell in love with each other and got married. But their marriage was a failure. Quarrels between the young couple never stopped because of different temperaments and behavior habits. More was a rough man without any ambition and Gertrude was an elegant and honorable woman with a great ambition that was the origin of their failure marriage .Gradually， poverty and discord was the theme of the family.
William， Paul’ older brother was a bright and capable boy and he got a job in England， became the economic prop of the family .Unluckily， the young man had a mortal disease and died. The younger brother of Paul， Arthur was a playboy that did not engage in honest work and joined the army without any thinking. Paul， the only boy at home， became the only hope of his mother， Gertrude. She tried her best to raised him and hope that one day he could get rid of poverty of miners and made up for her failure marriage. Paul did not disappoint his mother that he won credit for her. His drawing did not only win the prize but also sold for a good price. All of these he did was to please his mother and made her proud.
The first girl fell in love with Paul was Miriam who was from the Willey Farm. They held the common in goals especially in literature and painting. They really matched well. Unfortunately， the love did not last long. Their date was interfered with by his mother because she was afraid of losing his son. Paul realized that his faithful love belonged to his mother. When he knew that the date with Miriam had hurt his mother he regretted his behavior and could not bear， so that he decided to separate from Miriam. The second woman in Paul’s life was Clara who was a married woman. Because of not getting along well with his husband， Clara separated with her husband with a legal porce. Clara was a wildly enthusiastic and sexy woman that Paul was attracted by her fascination. However， the emotion in Paul’ heart belong to his mother .The people he loved most was his mother not the sexy woman. The love also ended not long. The love of Paul and his mother became mother complex from the love between mothers and sons. Because of endless conflicts， Mrs. Morel was mentally and physically exhausted that she died of tumor at the end. From then on， Paul got rid of the shackles of his mother and led an independent life.
B. Mother Fixation
1. Wars
As we know， it is a tragedy for a woman to marry a wrong man， so was Gertrude .Because of a sudden passion， the girl， Gertrude from a rich and powerful family married the poor miner. When the passion disappeared she found the man was very rough and he could not be relied on .The endless quarrels made her dream broken that she lavished her love on her second son， Paul， after the death of the oldest son. There was so much hope on her son that she wanted to control his son including behavior and soul， so that he would never turn the back on her and went with another girl.
Once there were two girls appeared in Paul’s life， then the wars broke. The first war was between Gertrude and Miriam. Gertrude realized that Miriam was a formidable enemy who would deprive her son from her. As she knew his son had been in love with the girl who was every young and beautiful. The most important thing was that the boy and the girl found each other congenial and held the same idea in common， especially in the art world. They could communicate with each other in their minds， of which Gertrude could not do. So when Paul was late for home because of the data with Miriam， Mr. Morels was every angry and described Miriam as “one of those who will want to suck a man’s soul out till he had none of his own left.” Although she did not fight with Miriam directly， the war was very acute. She inflicted the pressure on her son and shrew her hate of Miriam and afraid of losing her son before Paul. That was a mental war. The pressure really made Paul mad because when his mother was upset he would fell remorse for her and tortured very much. Towards Miriam， she treated her coolly when Miriam came to visit her family sometimes; all the members and friends of the Morel’s family who followed Mrs. Morel kept distance from Miriam and isolated the girl. As to the obstruction， Miriam just sneered at Paul because she did not know why his mother disliked her and Paul just followed his mother. There was no doubt that Miriam would be defeated.
Another war broke in Mrs. Morel and Clara. Mrs. Morel definitely knew that she would be the winner of the war because she was sure that her son would be tied of the Clara. After the first visit Clara to Paul’s family Morel Mrs. found that Clara had something attracted to Paul. Clara was a passionate and sexy woman， of which was most attracted to Paul， a mature woman. But in Mrs. Morel’s mind， Clara could not keep the passion of Paul because she was a vulgar woman without deep thought that she could not master the soul of Paul and Paul should throw away his soul for this flippant traffic of triviality with Clara， even Clara had a husband. She was just waiting her son back. Clara herself also realized this， although Paul’s mother treated her friendly but it was cool in the old woman’s deep hart. She knew that they have to part sooner or later， even if they married， and were faithful to each other， still he would have to leave her， went on alone， and she Would only have to attend to him when he came home. She could not master the hart of Paul because she did not know that Paul’s hart belong to his mother not any other woman. Clara was the loser in the war.
2. Abnormal Love
Gertrude， the pride woman who was from the rich and powerful family married the miner without thinking carefully. The dream of the young girl was to marry a good man， who was elegant， humors and enthusiastic with great ambition. So when she found that Morel was just the opposite her dream was broken and she looked for another people who would realize her dream. The death of her oldest son made her despaired until she rebuilt her hope on her second son， Paul， who won much credit for her. The life of Gertrude was full of sunshine and hope again. She tried her best to praise Paul to be a manly man.
Her love just liked a chain locking on the neck of Paul. When Paul fell in love with Miriam Mrs. Morel obstructed the progress of the emotion because she did not allow any other woman to deprive her son from her. Mrs. Morel did not only control the behavior of Paul but also the mentalities of Paul that the boy’s hart only belong to his mother.
In the novel， we can see that Paul deeply loved his mother that he obeys what his mother said and did what his mother wished him to. During his life， all he did were to please his mother. When he was a child， he walked all day， went miles and miles to look for blackberries which his mother liked， rather than own himself beaten and came home to his mother’s empty handed. When he was away from home， he looked forward to get home earlier because he knew that his mother was alone and waiting his back. In Paul’s eyes， his mother was an elegant， undisturbed and beautiful young girl. Every night， he would send his mother to bed and kissed her for good night. After the death of his older brother， William， his family ran into a predicament. The expenditure of the family was larger and larger while the family lived with the wage of 26 ponds of the miner， his father. In order to help his mother to manage the household， Paul got a job in Nottingham and offered his mother his wages. It was undutiful that Paul was a mourning son， but his main purpose was to help his mother. As to his father， he stood with his mother to be opposed to him， even he hated his father. When his father quarreled with his mother he even wanted to take the place of his father. He believed that his father mismatched his mother and there was no love in their marriage. Once he talked to Clara about love:“l(fā)ove is a dog in the mager”. The situation just liked his parents’ marriage because even if his mother did not love his father anymore or hated him extremely， their marriage still continued and his mother would never leave his father. His words hinted to us that Paul had regarded his father as his rival of love; also we can see that Paul replaced his father and protest his mother. The love of the son and the mother was blameless， but it gradually developed into a kind of abnormal love， mother Fixation. We can get the evidence from the novel， once a time， after quarreling with her husband， Mrs. Morel despaired and complained to his son that she never had a husband， a true husband. After hearing this， Paul detested his father very much even he wanted to kill his father， at the same time， he deeply realized that his mother did not only nee d a good son but also a idea husband， and then he could not help touching the hair of his mother and kissing his mother’s neck， of which was the strong evidence of Mother Fixation.
The abnormal love had affected Paul’s life and thought. Mrs. Morel became the core of his dream and life. His mothers interfered again and again in his love and scold Miriam.
Paul was in a dilemma as to continue to get along with Miriam or separate from her. Once he thought that it would made his mother sad he was full of self-reproach and remorse. Finally， Paul decided to porce from Miriam. Just as what Miriam said， Paul was a child， a four years old child that Paul did not have his own judgment of thought under the protection of his mother. What he did was to please his mother that once he went against his mother wished he would self-examine and mended his way. Though his second attachment without the direct interference of his mother， it gradually fizzled out because Paul could not concentrate himself on any other person except his mother. Once he said to Clara that he planted to go abroad with his mother and depended on each other from then on. In Paul’s mind， his mother was his companion in the future but not his lover， maybe there was no a love in his lifetime if his mother was still alive. When he got the truth that his mother had a tumor and was being died， the queer feeling went over him， as if the entire sunshine had gone out of him， and it was all shadow. When his mother died， Paul even wanted to go with his mother.
3. Conflicts
In the novel， there were several complicated conflicts in the leading characters. As we knew， the novel was about the love between Gertrude and her son and Paul and his two lovers. The most prominent conflict was in Paul and his mother. With the complicated psychology， Paul had deep feeling with his mother. When his attachment with Miriam led to the objection of his mother， he regretted very much and could not help but obey his mother’s wishes. At the same time， the interference of his mother made him annoyed and detested and sometimes he would do something to hurt to his mother intentionally. Once he was late for home again because he had sent Miriam home and walked long distance， his mother was very angry and scold him. Paul responded that he was old enough to decide what he liked and do what he wanted to. He knew that his words hurt his mother but his hart was delighted because he vented his anger. Maybe it was a kind of reprisal for the controlling of his mother. Another example was that Paul’s mother complained that Paul was absorbed by Miriam and never let him a man. Paul told his mother that he liked to talk to Miriam. His mother could not understand why Paul could not talk to her. Paul said that they were at the same age and his mother was not so young that he could had his thoughts sifted through his mother’s mind and she was not his companionship. He knew that his response was the great revenge to his mother. The contradictable psychology came into the climax. When he got the news that his mother had a tumor he was full of fear that he could not believed that his mother was leaving him. During the last life time of his mother Paul made his mother take an overdose of morphine which accelerated the death of his mother. Although his purpose was to accelerate the suffering of his mother， it was a vicious idea. Had been tied on to his mother for a long time， Paul knew that he could never to be a complete person unless his mother died. So the death of his mother made him free. The abnormal love was inevitably crazy and it led to the abnormal psychology.
The second Conflict was in Paul and Miriam. Miriam was the first love of Paul and their emotion was innocent. Paul loved the girl but sometimes he hated her very much especially when their contact made his mother sad he would do something to raven to Miriam. When his friends and family disliked her and snubbed her， he stood with them .Once his mother and Clara had a vicious talk about Miriam he criticized them and paid his sympathy to Miriam. That was a complicated Conflict. As to Clara， the passionate fascinating woman interested Paul’s attention that he nearly got mad. His mother also treated her friendly， but Paul never belonged to the woman. His hart was only belong to his mother that he was not a complete man and he could not consent rated on other women. He annoyed that Clara did not belong to him and did not loved him completely. How contradictable the abnormal man was.
4. Tragedy
There was no winner at the end of the story .We also can definite that the novel ended with a tragedy. In the novel， the greatest loser was the elegant and arrogant woman Mrs. Morel because the saddest thing for a woman was to marry a wrong man. The broken marriage was her first failure. It was undoubted that Gertrude was loser of marriage. Of course， her husband Mr. Morel was also a loser of marriage and family. The death of the oldest son who won so much credit for her did not brought Mrs. Morel the tremendous will but the broken dream .Although she defeated Miriam and Clara in the wars， Mrs. Morel became mentally and physically exhausted and got a tumor and soon died after continuous confliction. It was the tragedy of Mrs. Morel.
Because of interference and control of his mother， Paul was deep in the wars of soul and sensory feeling that he could not own complete love and gave up his love at last. When he was in love with Miriam and Clara his body and mind were pided into two parts that his mind was fixed on his mother while his body with his lovers. It was undoubted that Paul was a loser of love. The most unlucky thing was that he lost his mother at last. Without his mother， Paul almost lost his goal and led a vagrant life abroad.
Another loser was Miriam; the sensate girl was looked downed upon by her lover Paul and abandoned by him.
The last loser was Clara， the married woman who had a broken marriage， was pensioned in love with Paul and could not escape from the love failure. At the end， Clara came back to her husband and recovered her life.
All the failure was due to the abnormal love， Mother Fixation. It had distorted the emotion of the mothers and sons and breached the moral principle of human being. It did not only harm the body and mind of a person but also destroyed the family. I think we should learn something from it and pursue normal love.
Conclusion
Although Mother Fixation was a sensitive subject in the literature world that people seldom refer to. It exists in the society as a common phenomenon that it has distorted the soul of mothers and sons， even damaged the family， which also obeys the ethics of human being. As to the author of Sons and Lovers， D.H.lawrence， Mother Fixation made him so blind that he did not take care of the moral principles and did not know that he had come to the woman’s family and left it broken. The novel Sons and Lovers also ended with a tragedy with the death of being mentally and physically exhausted of Mrs. Moreland the failure of Paul’s love.
In our daily life， Mother Fixation is a common phenomenon， even if many people do not want to mention it or they do not accept the definition of Mother Fixation. The son who has Mother Fixation is lack of his own thoughts and enterprising spirit because he believes that his mother is his sanctuary and sunshine that never declines. Even when he gets married， his mother is the only person he can rely on not other person. So when there is conflict in his mother and wife he will stand with his mother， go against his wife. As to the mother who has Mother Fixation lavishes her lover upon her son， she controls his behavior and thoughts that she wishes that her son will never go against her. The son is her everything that she is afraid of losing him. As in China， most of the family conflict cause between the mothers and the daughters-in-law. One of the most important reasons is to fight for the domination of the husbands or sons. Once the daughters-in-law come to the family， the mothers will have a sense of tension that the daughters-in-law will take their place to love or control their sons that they are losing their sons. Gradually， the mothers will do something difficult for the daughters-in-law and say something to slander them before their sons， and then the family conflict arouses and the tragedy appears. In order to create a happy life and a harmonious society， we should pay our attention to Mother Fixation and deal with it well because Mother Fixation is a kind of abnormal human beings’ love and we should pursue normal love.
Bibliography
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第5篇：情人節(jié)寄語范文
一對情場淪落的男女，湊合成“寄居情人”
2005年12月20日，距付槿22周歲僅差兩天，她的第三次愛情因男友的移情別戀夭折了！打擊是巨大的。從此，付槿的心靈投下了無盡的酸楚和悲痛。每天，她精神恍惚，日子過得生不如死。
大約過了半個月，那晚，付槿仍舊到酒吧買醉。對面，一對情侶隔桌牽手，互送禮物，舉杯輕碰――觸景生情，深受刺激。當她喝光一杯酒，重重地把杯子往桌子上放時，由于用力過猛，玻璃酒杯碎裂了，飛濺的碎片傷了她的手掌，鮮血流了出來。
頃刻間，大家的目光紛紛投向付槿。突然，一個關(guān)懷的聲音傳入付槿的耳朵：“你的手流血了，趕緊去醫(yī)院包扎一下吧?！彼ь^，定睛一看，竟是她從前在廣告公司的同事陳澤宇。
2003年6月，大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，遭遇初戀失敗的付槿，放棄了父母為她聯(lián)系的工作，固執(zhí)地留在了省城。不久，她應(yīng)聘到一家廣告公司。第一天上班，付槿遇到的第一個人便是陳澤宇。陳澤宇身材單薄，不英俊不陽光，但他的熱忱很快博得了付槿的好感。那天，他不但幫助付槿辦理了相關(guān)報到的手續(xù)，而且，犧牲午休時間，為她介紹公司的情況。
此后，陳澤宇一直像個大哥哥般地關(guān)心付槿。她感冒時，他主動給她倒開水，提醒她吃藥；她在工作中遇到攔路虎時，他總是不厭其煩地給她講解，為她搜集一些資料。
只是，2004年7月，付槿請了半個月假和男友去云南旅游，回到公司時，出乎意料的是，陳澤宇卻辭職走了。當時聽到這個消息，付槿心里頭馬上涌出些惘然，空蕩蕩的。兩個月后，付槿再次遭遇愛情陰霾，她上班沒勁了，于是也離開了公司。
付槿萬萬沒有想到，時過一年多，她在酒吧澆愁麻醉自己的時候，居然會遇到陳澤宇。從醫(yī)院包扎傷口出來，陳澤宇告訴付槿，自己當初是為了愛情去了深圳，可是，女友的愛情并不堅實。三個月后，那晚，出遠門的他回到深圳，推開門，卻見女友正斜躺在一個中年男子的懷中慵懶地笑，而他的手，正看似不經(jīng)意地停在她那豐滿的胸脯上。愛情深圳的天空已經(jīng)消失，他對深圳便失去了眷戀，于是，2005年春節(jié)過后，他返回到了這座城市，如今在一家外資公司上班。
付槿聽了陳澤宇的殤情，一邊苦笑，一邊感嘆道：“為什么我們的情感結(jié)果都是如此不盡人意呢？”隨后，她不待他追問，把苦澀的遭遇和盤托出。
從此，每到周末，陳澤宇總來串付槿的門。為了讓付槿從痛苦頹廢中走出來，陳澤宇搜腸刮肚地講一些笑話逗她開心。有時候，陳澤宇買來一些菜。每次，他的飯菜不僅做得漂亮，味道也不錯。而且，他在吃飯中，營造出來的氣氛讓付槿感到十分輕松。
2006年3月，一天晚上，付槿加班回家，騎電動車經(jīng)過一條小巷時，三個歹徒攔住她，搶走了她的包。第二天，她把驚險遭遇說給陳澤宇聽，他的表情像在聽恐怖故事。一會兒，他從另一張沙發(fā)坐過來，眼睛牢牢地盯著付槿，認真地說：“槿槿，我有個想法已有多日。我們都沒有找到意中人，都是情場淪落的人，這種局面也許還會持續(xù)很長一段時間。所以，我們先在一起湊合湊合，做一對寄居情人。以后你加夜班，我來接送你，一直到你找到新的護花使者?！?/p>
陳澤宇告訴付槿，其實，他的這種想法是現(xiàn)時許多年輕人熱捧的一種戀愛模式。理論是：一對男女沒有找到真愛，但是他們又需要一個異性在身邊。這樣，他們不如在一起生活一段時間。如果覺得舒服，就可以訂婚甚至結(jié)婚；如果一方覺得不如意另一方，或者找到了更好的人，兩個人的“寄居情人”游戲就無條件地結(jié)束。
付槿并不是一個很傳統(tǒng)的女孩，她猶豫了一晚，便同意了。第三天，她搬到了陳澤宇居住的住宅樓，他住406，她住306，但她對他有言在先：他們只寄居情感不寄居身體。
“寄居情人”陷進愛情里，對她有了卑鄙的行為
就這樣，付槿和陳澤宇過起了“寄居情人”生活。每天，陳澤宇接送付槿上下班，風(fēng)雨無阻。付槿有輕微的胃病，每次，兩人外出吃飯，陳澤宇總是不忘叮囑服務(wù)員：“不要太辣了，她不能吃太辣的菜。”
陳澤宇的情感，逐漸吹散了付槿頭上的陰云。
2006年6月的一個夜晚，當陳澤宇正在埋頭修改一份計劃書的時候，忽然地停了電。他燃著打火機去找蠟燭，才發(fā)現(xiàn)蠟燭早已用光。怎么辦？明天上班時需要上交經(jīng)理的呀。他打開陽臺的門往下看，只見付槿房間亮著光。于是他徑直下了樓。付槿出來開了門，剛洗過澡的樣子就更加動人，濕漉漉的頭發(fā)上一邊閃著晶瑩的小水珠，一邊散發(fā)出幽香的洗發(fā)香波味道，薄薄的睡衣下面還能隱隱約約地看到她微聳的、內(nèi)衣的輪廓，凹凸有致的曲線寫滿了性的誘惑……他的腦袋就像充了血一樣，從心底涌起一陣沖動。付槿看到他異樣地注視著她，她醒悟過來，回屋披了件外衣。陳澤宇尷尬地笑了笑，說明了來意，付槿彎腰到床邊的抽屜里找蠟燭，臀部的線條，盡現(xiàn)眼前，陳澤宇制止不了沸騰的欲望，從背后摟抱住了她。
付槿一下子怔住了。緩過神來，她想掙脫他的摟抱，可他卻抱得更緊，而且一只手在她身體上撫摩著，一邊在她耳邊小聲說：“我們都是成年人，為什么就不放開些呢……”漸漸地，他的撫摩和身上微微的體味，攥住了她的每一根神經(jīng)。理智要她推開他，但她卻柔軟無力……
事情過后，付槿后悔不已。她清楚，自己并沒有愛上他，雖然她打破了游戲規(guī)則，把身體也“寄居”給了他，但她認為，這僅僅是兩具身體的接觸，與愛無關(guān)。
付槿把身體寄居了一個多月，她的身邊再次出現(xiàn)了一位真命天子。2006年8月初，一天中午，一位女友答謝一個叫王筠的男人，約他吃飯時付槿也在。女友將他們相互介紹時，付槿心里便對他有了認同感。他身上有一種儒雅和豪爽并存的氣質(zhì)，言語也風(fēng)趣。更重要的是，他除了臉略瘦削，幾乎就是她第一個男友的翻版。女友告訴付槿，王筠很有能力，不但未到30歲就已經(jīng)官位部門經(jīng)理，還精通兩種外語。
這么條件優(yōu)越的男人怎么會沒有女朋友呢？事后付槿向女友提出疑問。女友笑道：“不知道?？墒?，我從他凝視你的眼神里，看出來他對你有文章。我估計，他肯定會約你?！?/p>
付槿半信半疑。沒想到，兩天后，她卻真的接到了王筠的電話?！俺鰜碜?，我請你吃飯?！蹦峭恚赡苁侨鄙倥堰@個“第三者”，王筠沒有上次的那般拘謹，他對付槿表現(xiàn)得很殷勤。飯后，兩人興味盎然地繞著河邊月牙形的街道，散了半個小時的步。
從那以后，王筠便時不時打電話約付槿出來吃飯、游玩。經(jīng)歷過情感滄海的付槿當然明白王筠的心思。在她看來，王筠肯定愛上了她，他捅破窗紙只是時間問題。
于是，9月的一個晚上，當陳澤宇的手伸進她的內(nèi)衣里，想恣意快樂時，她用力地推開了他，坦率地說：“澤宇，我已經(jīng)找到了新的男友，而且，他對我用情很是專一。所以，以后我們不能繼續(xù)寄居身體?！备堕鹊囊幌捳Z，對陳澤宇來說，猶如一記悶棍。他立刻將茶杯一推，甕聲甕氣地說：“男人都是身體最近，靈魂最遠的動物，都有著強烈的征服欲。短短的一個月時間，你就能保證他的情感沒有摻假？”說完便徑直轉(zhuǎn)身離去。
隨著陳澤宇“砰”的一聲重重關(guān)門聲，付槿有些不知如何是好。
其實，付槿一直視陳澤宇為超越那層男女關(guān)系的朋友，并沒有窺到他的情感變化。原來陳澤宇在與付槿朝夕相處的日子里，逐漸陷進了這場“寄居情人”的游戲里，對她萌生了許多愛情因子，可他萬萬沒有想到，就在自己絞盡腦汁地籌劃著如何向她表露心跡的時候，她卻已經(jīng)有了意中人。
當晚，陳澤宇輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)，無法入眠。天亮?xí)r，他下了決心。付槿還沒有起床，他就敲響了房門。他直截了當對她表達了自己對她壓抑已久的愛慕，并誠懇地說：“槿槿，我們結(jié)婚吧，我會好好對你一輩子的?！?/p>
付槿一聽，堅決地搖頭，一臉嚴肅地告訴他，她一直很感激他的關(guān)懷，對他充滿深深的好感，可是，在她眼里，他只是哥哥。
從此，付槿再沒有和陳澤宇有過。但陳澤宇無法說服自己。
很長一段時間，陳澤宇都輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)，無法入眠，腦子里滿是付槿的影子。他腦子里總是不斷地重復(fù)著付槿拒絕他的話語，心里滿是一種落敗和沮喪夾雜的滋味?？紤]到睡眠不足將會影響工作，最后，他只好買來安眠藥。每晚，臨睡前他都要服用安眠藥，然后才能夠緩緩沉入夢鄉(xiāng)。
2006年國慶節(jié)過后，一天晚上，他拿出安眠藥的時候，忽然，腦中閃過一道靈光，一個計劃浮現(xiàn)在他的腦海。
兩天后，陳澤宇抓住了個機會，趁付槿不備，偷偷地用橡皮泥復(fù)制了她丟在茶幾上的房門鑰匙。當天晚上，他給付槿送去她喜歡喝的酸奶，而付槿根本沒想到他暗暗地往酸奶里放了少量的安眠藥，毫不設(shè)防地當面喝得一干二凈。
一會兒，陳澤宇估計藥性將要發(fā)作，假意告辭。然而，過了一個小時，他像幽靈般地用配制的鑰匙打開了付槿的房門……事情結(jié)束后，清理干凈“現(xiàn)場”的陳澤宇又幽靈般地回到自己的房間，他感到一種不安，感到自己太卑鄙，對不起付槿，但他又覺得自己是真心地愛著付槿的，這不過是沒有辦法的辦法。他的心思是，付槿一旦懷孕，一方面，他便向她負荊請罪，要殺要剮任她處置，只求她憐憫他的愛，看在孩子的份上，嫁給他；另一方面，他決定親口告訴“第三者”王筠，付槿懷了他的骨肉，勸說他退出。
第二天、第三天晚上，陳澤宇又想方設(shè)法地又讓付槿吃了混合著安眠藥的東西。然而第四天，卻出現(xiàn)了讓他意想不到的情況，她搬了家，搬到距新男友不遠的一個小區(qū)去了。自然，他的“懷孕”計劃擱了淺。為此，他懊喪不已，后悔自己為什么不早點產(chǎn)生這個計劃！
香消玉殞，一場情人寄居的游戲如此結(jié)果
2006年11月，付槿和王筠一起啟程去了云南古城麗江。王筠聽從付槿的話，特意為他們挑選了靠江邊的一家小客棧。第二天晚上，兩人相聚在付槿的房間。小窗戶外面是挨家挨戶流過的小河，安靜的夜里只聽見水流的潺潺聲。忽然，王筠看著付槿，認真而深情地說：“槿槿，雖然我們相識時間不長，但我被你的美麗、善解人意和才氣徹底征服了”。停了一下，他嚴肅地對著小河發(fā)誓：“無名河呀，你為我們作證，我愛槿槿！”付槿幸福地投入王筠的懷抱。
可是，付槿熱烈地把紅唇靠近，緩緩輕柔地脫王筠的衣服時，出乎她的意料，王筠戛地剎住了車，說：“還是等到新婚之夜吧?！比缓笏氖种皇菗崮χ纳眢w，卻始終沒有再進一步。王筠對的謹慎、認真，讓付槿對他更加摯愛。
從麗江回來，付槿和王筠結(jié)婚的話題提上了日程。最后，婚期定在了2007年元旦。
但是，意外總是發(fā)生在最不設(shè)防的時候。12月初，因為夜晚受了涼，付槿感冒了。第二天上午，王筠駕車陪同她來到醫(yī)院。誰知，醫(yī)生卻告之：“你已經(jīng)懷孕，以后可要注意些，不要生病感冒，這樣對孩子不好?！?/p>
醫(yī)生的話，太出人意料。
付槿驚愕得如五雷轟頂，瞪圓了雙眼：“不可能，不可能！你肯定弄錯了！”醫(yī)生和藹地對她說：“從你停經(jīng)時間和醫(yī)檢結(jié)果推斷，你已經(jīng)懷孕兩個月了。如果你不相信，不妨到其他醫(yī)院做次復(fù)檢吧?！?/p>
走出醫(yī)院，王筠臉色鐵青地看著付槿，再也忍不住地指責(zé)道：“付槿啊，沒想到你是個這樣隨便的女人?！备堕葟堉爝€不知道如何申辯時，王筠又冷冷地說：“很難以啟齒是吧？你也別說了，我們分手好了?！闭f著頭也不回地走向停車場，駕車獨自而去。
王筠的車子從視野里消失了，付槿茫然地蹲在地上，眼淚刷刷刷地流了出來。她自問：“我怎么會懷孕兩個月呢？即使和陳澤宇避孕失敗，應(yīng)該也是懷孕三四個月呀？”
一連幾天，想來想去，付槿對腹中冒然而出的孩子，仍舊是百思不得其解。
那些日子，遭遇王筠拋棄的付槿，只能把所有的淚水往自己肚子里咽。有一天下午，她從酒吧喝酒回來，路過陳澤宇的住地，想到他從前對她的好，心驀地一動，便走上樓。沒想到，迎接她的卻是又一個意外！
房門虛掩著卻沒有人，她等了十多分鐘，他還沒回來。神差鬼使地，她打開了他的電腦，看到里面有一個叫“殤情”的文件，她隨手點開了它。一開始她并沒有仔細閱讀其中的內(nèi)容，只以為是他從網(wǎng)上下載的文章，但是漸漸地她目瞪口呆：原來是這樣！難怪她會莫名地懷孕！
原來，這竟是一本陳澤宇傾泄情感的“私密日記”。他在傾泄自己用安眠藥想讓付槿懷孕的文末，喟嘆道：“為什么我這么愛她，老天卻不憐惜我，讓她懷孕??！”
她被擊懵了，覺得渾身冰涼、顫抖，感到世界都在旋轉(zhuǎn)。她“啪”地關(guān)閉電腦，悻悻地而去。她想，如果陳澤宇出現(xiàn)在面前，她肯定會克制不住，拿刀殺了他！
那夜，憤怒像海嘯一樣吞沒了付槿?！安恍?，我得教訓(xùn)教訓(xùn)他！”最后，她悲憤難抑地自言自語。
第三天傍晚，付槿打電話向陳澤宇編造了一大堆王筠喜新厭舊的話，然后她悲戚戚地說：“澤宇，你過來陪我喝杯酒吧?！标悵捎钍軐櫲趔@，一邊安慰她，一邊連忙應(yīng)允。
晚上8點，陳澤宇興沖沖地趕到付槿的住處，付槿早已準備好一桌菜肴。那晚，當他們喝完一瓶紅酒，付槿已經(jīng)傾訴得淚眼蒙蒙。微醉的陳澤宇，憐愛地伸手為她擦淚，她豐腴的身子卻癱軟在了他的懷里。他一直處于干涸狀態(tài)的身體迅速膨脹，不顧一切地將她抱起來扔到了床上。
誰料到，就在陳澤宇著蠢蠢欲動，付槿忽地從枕頭下摸出一把水果刀，一邊惱怒地說：“陳澤宇，你卑鄙，別怪我心狠！我要廢了你！”陳澤宇大吃一驚，酒也醒了一半。他趕緊一把抓住她拿著刀的手腕，一使勁刀掉在床上……慌亂中，他用力一推，將付槿推下了床，她倒了下去，血汩汩而出――后腦勺碰在了玻璃茶幾的一角。一切都是在頃刻間，付槿的臉在日光燈下，分外蒼白……
大約過了十分鐘，陳澤宇才緩過神兒，趕緊打通了120。可是，付槿還是因流血過多而亡，同時陳澤宇也因自己的過失被囚禁。不久，大姐來探監(jiān)，并告訴他：“從付槿的遺留日記里，她腹中的孩子系你的骨肉……”
第6篇：情人節(jié)寄語范文
適合情人節(jié)送的花1、玫瑰花
愛情玫瑰是愛情的最佳代言人，不少新人拍婚紗照，首選玫瑰，但玫瑰的顏色不同含義也有所區(qū)別：紅玫瑰代表：深愛著你;粉色玫瑰表示：動情在心、愛的宣言;白玫瑰則表示：天真、純潔、尊敬的含義。
2、郁金香
郁金香的花語為博愛、體貼、高雅、富貴、能干、聰穎。不同的花色也有著不同的花語，例如：紅色郁金香代表熱烈的愛意、粉色郁金香代表永遠的愛、黃色郁金香代表開朗、白色郁金香代表純潔清高的戀情、黑色郁金香代表愛的表白，永恒的祝福。
3、百合花
合
百合花象征著百年好合，順順意意，長相廝守。精美的花束，愛意的表達，是浪漫時刻不可缺少的佳物哦。
4、藍色妖姬
象征著相守是一種承諾，人世輪回中，怎樣才能擁有一份溫柔的情意!雙枝藍色妖姬花語是：相遇是一種宿命，心靈的交匯讓我們有訴不盡的浪漫情懷。而如果是三枝藍色妖姬，送花人表達的是另一種情愫——你是我最深的愛戀希望永遠銘記我們這段美麗的愛情故事!
5、薰衣草
薰衣草的花語是等待愛情的來臨。薰衣草是一種馥郁的紫藍色的小花。這種生于法國普魯旺的花，就像它的所在地一樣具有浪漫的情懷。
6、康乃馨
溫馨大部分康乃馨都代表了愛、魅力和尊敬之情。淺紅色代表欽佩，深紅色代表深深的愛和關(guān)懷。純白色代表了純潔的愛和幸運;花紋康乃馨代表拒絕求愛時的道歉。粉紅色康乃馨具有最重要的象征和歷史意義，因此粉紅色康乃馨成為了不朽的母愛的象征。
7、蝴蝶蘭
真愛這種花形似彩蝶，花姿優(yōu)美動人，極富裝飾性。蝴蝶蘭代表戀人之間真摯的愛，是新娘捧花中的重要花材。在情人節(jié)那天送上一束蝴蝶蘭表達自己的心意，也是不錯的選擇哦。
8、勿忘我
代表了永恒的愛，濃情厚誼，永不變的心。青年男女互贈勿忘我，以表達深切情意?，F(xiàn)今花卉市場中，有一種被大家稱為“勿忘我”的花，可以長久不凋，與我們前面所提的并非一種。
9、扶郎花
互敬互愛扶郎花(非洲菊)象征有毅力、不畏艱難。有些地區(qū)喜歡在結(jié)婚慶典時用扶郎花扎成花束布置新房。取其諧意，體現(xiàn)新婚夫婦互敬互愛之意。非洲形放射狀，常作插花主體，多與腎蕨、文竹相配置。
10、馬蹄蓮
虔誠象征“圣法虔誠，永結(jié)同心，吉祥如意”。在歐美國家的婚禮中，是新娘捧花的常用花材。
送多少朵玫瑰花1朵玫瑰代表——我的心中只有你 ONLY YOU!
2朵玫瑰代表——這世界只有我倆!
3朵玫瑰代表——我愛你I LOVE YOU!
4朵玫瑰代表——至死不渝!
5朵玫瑰代表——由衷欣賞!
6朵玫瑰代表——互敬 互愛 互諒!
7朵玫瑰代表——我偷偷地愛著你!
8朵玫瑰代表——感謝你的關(guān)懷扶持及鼓勵!
9朵玫瑰代表——長久 ALWAYS!
10朵玫瑰代表——十全十美 無懈可擊!
11朵玫瑰代表——一生一世只愛你一個!
12朵玫瑰代表——對你的愛與日俱增!
13朵玫瑰代表——友誼長存!
14朵玫瑰代表——驕傲!
15朵玫瑰代表——對你感到歉意IM SORRY!
16朵玫瑰代表——多變不安的愛情!
17朵玫瑰代表——絕望無可挽回的愛!
18朵玫瑰代表——真誠與坦白!
19朵玫瑰代表——忍耐與期待!
20朵玫瑰代表——我僅一顆赤誠的心!
21朵玫瑰象征——真誠的愛!
22朵玫瑰象征——祝你好運!
25朵玫瑰象征——祝你幸福!
30朵玫瑰象征——信是有緣!
36朵玫瑰象征——浪漫!
40朵玫瑰象征——誓死不渝的愛情!
50朵玫瑰象征——邂逅不期而遇!
99朵玫瑰象征——天長地久 FOREVER!
100朵玫瑰象征——百分之百的愛 100% LOVE!
101朵玫瑰象征——最……最愛!
108朵玫瑰象征——求婚!
送什么顏色的玫瑰花粉紅色的玫瑰：初戀。
紅色的玫瑰：熱戀。
橙紅色的玫瑰：美麗。
白色的玫瑰：尊敬。
黃色的玫瑰：道歉。
第7篇：情人節(jié)寄語范文
關(guān)鍵詞：清潔型；機器人；設(shè)計原理；方法
DOI：10.16640/ki.37-1222/t.2017.03.215
1 清潔型機器人的拖地原理與工作方法
1.1 清潔機器人拖地機理
當需要被清潔的地面為泥土?xí)r，只需要將地面垃圾掃干凈，無需對地面進行清洗。當需要被清潔的地面由泥土變?yōu)楣鉂嵉哪景?、石板時，僅僅將地面上垃圾掃干凈并不能滿足地面清潔要求。光潔的木板上存在的污漬無法通過清掃被去除，需要介質(zhì)溶解地面污漬，然后通過抹布將地面擦干凈。由此可見，洗地技術(shù)主要是針對掃地技術(shù)無法解決的問題，但同時洗地技術(shù)對地面的要求相對較高。清潔機器人的拖地技術(shù)源于人使用拖把拖地的傳統(tǒng)拖地技術(shù)，但是在傳統(tǒng)的拖地技術(shù)上提出了更加苛刻的條件，傳統(tǒng)的拖地技術(shù)可描述為：
步驟一：將拖把浸泡在水中，蘸取適當?shù)乃?；步驟二：利用拖把清洗地面污漬； 步驟三：拖洗一段地面后，將拖把上的污水擠掉。
一個傳統(tǒng)拖地過程可認為是這三個步驟的循環(huán)，在拖地過程中的每一個步驟都是有人的參與，每一步驟出現(xiàn)問題都會得到人為控制，從而確保拖地任務(wù)能夠完成。但是如果這一過程中沒有人的參與，而是由一個機器執(zhí)行這些動作，往往會出現(xiàn)很多問題。比如在第一步中，拖把蘸取水的量一般無法界定，水量過少不能實現(xiàn)拖地的效果，但是水量過多，會造成地面水殘留。第二步中，為確保地面擦洗干凈，拖洗時間也無法具體確定。第三步中，無法確定拖把是否需要擠掉污水。由此可見，清潔機器人的拖地機理并不能等同傳統(tǒng)的拖地方法，需要做更深層次的研究。
為清除地面的污漬，清潔機器人拖地技術(shù)需要針對傳統(tǒng)拖地技術(shù)中存在的可變因素進行量化。建立各變量之間的數(shù)學(xué)模型，并確定各變量之間的約束關(guān)系，在此基礎(chǔ)上研究拖地方法確保污水不會殘留。
1.2 常用的清潔機器人拖地方法
目前的拖地技術(shù)也取得相關(guān)的研究成果，主要的方案為：濕拖技術(shù)和洗地技術(shù)。清潔機器人的濕拖技術(shù)是針對水殘留的一種解決方案。該方案針對造成水殘留的根源進行拖地方法的設(shè)計，機器人的出水量控制到了最低程度從而保證地面沒有水殘留。該技術(shù)的具體實施可描述為：在清潔機器人前端加上一塊設(shè)計有若干細孔夾持板，夾持板下方可連接抹布，在抹布上設(shè)計有儲水裝置，在拖地過程中，儲水裝置中的水不斷的供給抹布，使其達到拖地的效果。濕拖技術(shù)主要的優(yōu)點在于，方法簡單，拖地結(jié)構(gòu)易于設(shè)計。缺點是，由于出水量小，沒有設(shè)計清洗裝置，不能清理一些頑固污漬。
為了能夠清理掉地面頑固污漬，則不能減少機器人的出水量，洗地技術(shù)應(yīng)運而生。該技術(shù)在理論上實現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)的拖地機理與機器人相結(jié)合，具體可描述為：首先，清潔機器人開始移動，將清洗液噴灑到清潔機器人前方；然后，毛刷將灑上清洗液的地面刷一遍；最后，回收洗過的地面上的清洗液。
2 基于海d滾壓的拖地方法設(shè)計
為了實現(xiàn)減少地面水殘留的目的，在分析傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)有清潔機器人拖地原理的基礎(chǔ)上，提出一種基于海綿滾壓地面的拖地方法。如圖1所示，該拖地方法提出的拖地系統(tǒng)主要由三部分組成。
第一步：將清潔的水噴灑到地面上，目前拖地型機器人在噴水設(shè)計方法上有很多方法，這里主要談?wù)摰嗡绞?，如圖 2所示，該方案的優(yōu)點在于，滴到地面上的水量是可計算的且出水比較均勻。
第二步：采用硬度適中的刷子刷洗地面，將地面污跡清洗掉。如圖3所示，噴灑過凈水的地面在經(jīng)過刷子刷洗之后，地面污跡被清洗掉，此時地面留下污水。
第三步：將地面的污水回收。污水回收方法是否合理決定整個拖地方法是否有效。本文提出滾壓的拖地方法具體污水回收過程，如圖4所示，在拖地過程中，海綿刷壓在地面上，當接觸到地面污水時，由于海綿自身具有吸水性，污水會被海綿吸收。海綿在轉(zhuǎn)動過程中受到刮條的擠壓，此處的污水會被排出海綿，進入機器人內(nèi)部的回收槽。該污水回收方法主要運用到了海綿吸水性強的特性，但是海綿刷子的轉(zhuǎn)速，地面污水量以及刮條嵌入海綿的深度等因素都會影響海綿回收污水的性能。為徹底分析該回收方法的有效性，需要對海綿刷的各參數(shù)進行建模分析，從而確定各參數(shù)的合理范圍，驗證該方法的合理性。
3 結(jié)語
綜上所述，目前室內(nèi)地面清潔機器人作為新興行業(yè)，存在許多技術(shù)問題，需要我們?nèi)パ芯?。將來，室?nèi)地面清潔工作有望完全交給清潔機器人，讓機器人技術(shù)造福人類。
參考文獻：
第8篇：情人節(jié)寄語范文
關(guān)鍵詞：馮友蘭 人生 境界 超越 啟示
中圖分類號：I06 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1003-9082（2016）01-0375-02
一、馮氏人生境界說簡要梳理
在談馮氏人生境界四重說之前，我們先來了解“覺解”一詞，在馮氏看來，“覺解”決定著人生的意義，人生有意義之后才能談人生境界的問題。這意味著“覺解”在其人生論中占據(jù)著要位，是其人生境界說的奠基之石。那么，何為“覺解”呢？馮氏認為：所謂“覺”即人之自覺，“他于作某事時，自覺其是作某事，此是自覺，此是覺”;所謂“解”就是人之了解，“人作某事，了解某事是怎樣一回事，此是了解，此是解”。①意思簡單明了，所謂“覺解”即人的自我意識、自我覺察、自我了解。他還說：“人生亦是一類底事，我們對于這一類底事，亦可以有了解，可以了解它是怎樣一回事。我們對于它有了解，它即對于我們有意義。我們對于它底了解愈深愈多，它對我們底意義，亦即愈豐富”。②也即是說，人有了“覺解”，事物才對于我們有意義，人的“覺解”越深越多，事物對我們的意義也即越豐富。簡而言之，“覺解”在意義之前，意義在“覺解”之后。
1.自然境界之“順才順習(xí)”
自然境界在馮氏人生四重境界說中處于較低的位階，這也是一種“覺解”較淺的人生境界。馮氏說：“在任何種社會中底人，任何年齡的人，任何程度底智力底人，……其境界都可是自然境界。例如美國的社會，是高度工業(yè)化底社會，然其中底人，但隨從法律習(xí)慣，照例生活者，亦不在少數(shù)。他們照例納稅，照例上工廠，照例領(lǐng)工資，亦可以說‘不識天工，安知帝力’。他們并不是小孩子，亦不盡是智力低底人。他們生活在最近代化底環(huán)境中，而其境界還是自然境界”。③馮氏認為，自然境界存在于任何社會中，且與人年齡的大小、智力的高低無甚關(guān)系。但就社會而言，主要是指處于原始社會中的人的境界;就個體而言，主要是指處于兒童時期的人的境界。這種境界的表現(xiàn)是“順才順習(xí)”，所謂“才”是指人的天賦傾向和自發(fā)行為，所謂“習(xí)”是指社會中的風(fēng)俗和人在社會中養(yǎng)成的行為習(xí)慣。自然境界中的人就是按照這樣的模式工作、學(xué)習(xí)和生活的，他們類似于“知其然，而不知其所以然”的人生狀態(tài)。盡管說自然境界在人生境界中所處的地位較低，但其屬于“知其然”的認知范疇，同時，也為實現(xiàn)人生境界的超越奠定了一個基礎(chǔ)和前提。
2.功利境界之“動物之理”
馮氏認為，動物的行為是為私的，但這是其本能，并非心靈的安排。而處于功利境界中的人不同，他是自覺追求私立的，有目的的，有計算的。他說：“凡動物的行為，都是為他自己的利底。不過大多數(shù)動物底行為，雖是為他白己利底，但都是出白本能的沖動，不是出于心靈的計劃”。④他緊接著說：“在功利境界中底人，對于‘自己’及‘利’，有清楚底覺解。他了解他的行為是怎樣一回事。他自覺他有如此底行為。他的行為，或是求增加他自己的財產(chǎn)，或是求發(fā)展他自己的事業(yè)，或是求增加他自己的榮譽?！雹萦纱丝芍?，功利境界中的人是不道德的，不純粹的，但是，這種境界依然有其存在的理由和價值，甚至可以說，恰恰是這種境界中的人創(chuàng)造了社會中的大部分文化和財富。與自然境界相比，無疑，功利境界邁出了世俗的一步，也是極為關(guān)鍵的一步，即便是追求私利，也是對自然境界的一個超越，是一種進步。
3.道德境界之“盡倫盡職”
馮氏認為，與功利境界中的人追求私“利”相反，道德境界中的人追求的是公“義”。他說：“在此種境界中底人，其行為是‘行義’底。義與利是相反亦是相成底。求自己的利底行為，是為利底行為，求社會的利底行為，是行義底行為”。⑥很明白，追求個人之利是“利”，而追求社會之“利”則是“義”。也即是說，在公與私的選擇當中，“義”“利”由此而分。不僅體現(xiàn)在物質(zhì)層面，在精神層面也是如此。馮友蘭又說：“道德底行為，亦是求快樂底行為，不過其所求不是行為者自己的快樂，而是別人的快樂”。⑦很顯然，道德境界中人的快樂不是追求個人的快樂，而是別人的快樂。也即是古人講的“獨樂樂”不如“眾樂樂”，還有“舍身取義”、“殺身成仁”等詞語都滲透著“義”的思想，閃爍著“義”的光芒。在馮氏看來，按照“義”的要求去行為就是其所講的“盡倫盡職”，“倫”即人與人所形成的社會關(guān)系，“職”即在社會中的當然本分。一個人只有按照自身在社會中所處的位分行使權(quán)力、履行義務(wù)，才是道德的，就是“盡倫盡職”，這便是道德境界。道德境界對功利境界的超越其實就是“義”對“利”的超越，是“義”對“利”的揚棄，是“義”對“利”的進一步升華。
4.天地境界之“天人合一”
在馮氏看來，天地境界迥異于自然境界、功利境界和道德境界，它是超道德價值的體現(xiàn)，但它又不離日常生活，它存在于現(xiàn)實社會中。天地境界中人是“在日常生活之內(nèi)實現(xiàn)最高的價值”，并且是“對于宇宙底盡職”。⑧他自覺其為宇宙的一分子，他的日常行為與宇宙緊密的聯(lián)系起來，并融為一體。盡管說天地境界常人難以企及，但是其卻真實存在，圣人可以達到天地境界便是例證。柴文華先生認為：“馮友蘭運用‘負的方法’即神秘主義的方法烘托出一個嶄新的境界，似月又非月，它可以引導(dǎo)人們從精神上去體認，但明顯地超現(xiàn)實。它似是不離現(xiàn)實但卻超社會、超功利、超榮辱、超死生，它屬于神，不屬于人”。⑨天地境界的提出意味著馮氏人生境界說最終完成了對自身的超越，如果不完成這一超越，那么他的人生境界說將不能到達終點，也就完成不了邏輯化的人生哲學(xué)體系。
綜上可知，馮氏人生境界四重說作為邏輯化的人生哲學(xué)體系完成了逐級遞進、步步超越的人生哲學(xué)理想。這其間，超越情懷始終不離左右，貫穿于人身境界說的始終。
二、人生境界說的超越情懷
前文論及，馮氏人生境界說中四重境界之間的遞進和超越關(guān)系，那么，這四重境界是怎樣體現(xiàn)馮氏的超越情懷呢？首先，看自然境界。自然境界雖說是較低的一種人生境界，但也是為實現(xiàn)其超越情懷而作為基礎(chǔ)和前提存在的，所以它與完成超越情懷有著密不可分的關(guān)系，沒有基礎(chǔ)性的自然境界，超越就無從談起，有了前提性的自然境界也未必就擁有超越情懷。也就是說，要想實現(xiàn)超越情懷，既要有一個前提性的存在，還要有超越情懷本身，二者缺一不可。其次，看功利境界。毫無疑問，功利境界是對自然境界的第一個超越，這個超越是由“一己之私”代替“知其然，而不知其所以然”來開始的，也是“一己之私”背負世俗的惡名來完成的。這其間是自私地完成了超越，一方面是自私，一方面是超越。然而，功利境界中人卻成為了創(chuàng)造社會大部分文化和財富的中流砥柱。再次，看道德境界。道德境界“義”對功利境界“利”的揚棄預(yù)示著境界說中第二個超越的完成，但是功利境界的“利”并沒有也不可能完全退出現(xiàn)實社會，事實上，在社會中，“義”和“利”是并存的，交替出現(xiàn)的，交織體現(xiàn)的。于是，“殺身成仁”“舍身取義”就成為了追求道德境界的人的向往和追求。最后，看天地境界。天地境界作為馮氏人生境界說最高體現(xiàn)的哲學(xué)范疇，表征了人生境界的終極超越和完滿。天地境界的終極超越性體現(xiàn)在不僅是對道德境界的超越，也是對自然境界和功利境界的徹底揚棄和批判完成。顯然，馮氏的人生境界說是建立在對道家哲學(xué)推崇的基礎(chǔ)之上的，尤其是天地境界，它是“天人合一”哲學(xué)思想的表達和體現(xiàn)。實現(xiàn)人生理想和完成對自身的超越是古代文人士大夫窮其畢生精力的追求，也是對成為圣人這一理想的向往。
三、人生境界說的啟示
縱觀馮氏人生境界說，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這其間蘊含著人與自然、人與人、人與社會、人與天地之間的關(guān)系。如何處理這些關(guān)系關(guān)乎到生活在現(xiàn)實社會中的每一個人，更關(guān)乎社會的進步、國家的發(fā)展和民族的未來。那么，馮氏人生境界說對當下的我們有哪些啟示呢？
首先，敬畏自然。所謂敬畏自然是指人類無論何時何地都要對大自然保有一顆敬畏之心。受近代西方哲學(xué)“人類中心論”思潮的影響，我們一度一廂情愿的認為：人類才是這個世界的主宰，人類可以征服自然、戰(zhàn)勝自然甚至掠奪自然。與此不同，中國傳統(tǒng)儒家文化雖認為“人者，天地之心”，把人置于天地之“心”的重要和核心地位，但同時又認為人生活在天地中要“盡人力，安天命”，也就是說，人在天地中應(yīng)當盡力做事，但不強求，不強為。這里便有尊重自然、敬畏自然的意味。其實，敬畏自然不是軟弱、不是怯懦、不是退縮，而是在充分尊重自然、敬畏自然的前提下有所作為，它強調(diào)順勢而為，而不是妄為、亂為、強為。君不見當下社會，環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)破壞、全球變暖、資源危機、森林銳減、物種滅絕……等等，這一系列環(huán)境危機不僅嚴重制約著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，還深刻影響著我們的日常生活。不難想象，如果我們生活中水、電資源短缺匱乏那將是怎樣的一種情景。這就要求我們，無論人類發(fā)展得多么強大，都要對大自然懷有一顆敬畏之心，不肆意妄為，要以人類與自然和諧共存為中心，與自然平等相處，友善共存。
其次，注重人本。以人為本，它強調(diào)的是在處理人與自然、人與人、人與社會之間的關(guān)系時，人的根本重要性。這也是科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的實質(zhì)和要義，它突顯了人這一社會主體在不同的關(guān)系中所處的核心和本質(zhì)地位。在經(jīng)濟日益發(fā)展的新形勢下，尤其要注重人本。注重人本，就要求我們要不斷關(guān)注人在不同階段的不同需求;注重人本，就要求我們以和諧為旨歸正確處理人與人、自然、社會之間的關(guān)系。
最后，提升境界。社會在持續(xù)發(fā)展，與此相適應(yīng)，生活在社會中的人也應(yīng)當不斷地去追求，去提升自身的人生境界。作為社會中的個體，只有不斷加強理論學(xué)習(xí)，才能進一步充實自我;也只有不斷提高自我修養(yǎng)，才能進一步升華境界。處于社會中的每一個個體能力發(fā)展了，素養(yǎng)提高了，境界升華了，那么這個社會離和諧也就不遠了。在農(nóng)業(yè)文明的文化背景里，在國民素質(zhì)普遍還沒有達到較高水平的邏輯前提下，加強素質(zhì)、提升境界似乎顯得更加緊迫，這是我們作為個體進步的需要，也是社會、民族和國家發(fā)展的迫切要求。
參考文獻
第9篇：情人節(jié)寄語范文
關(guān)鍵詞：非負矩陣分解；特征提??； 表情識別；部分遮擋
中圖分類號：TP391文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1009-3044(2011)13-3105-02
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Improved Non-negative Matrix Factorization
TIAN Jian-hua
(School of Distance Education, Heze University, Heze 274000, China)
Abstract: This paper presented a facial expression recognition method based on improved non-negative matrix factorization with sub-region occlusion judgment. Given a still image containing facial expression information, expression feature vectors are extracted by non-negative matrix factorization firstly. Secondly, facial expressions are classified by using a maximum correlation classifier. Experiment on Cohn-Kanade facial expression database shows that the method improves the expression recognition for both non-occluded and partially occluded faces.
Key words: non-negative matrix factorization; feature extraction; expression recognition; partially occluded
人臉表情識別是人工智能和模式識別領(lǐng)域的研究熱點，人臉表情識別在許多領(lǐng)域都有著潛在的應(yīng)用價值，這些研究領(lǐng)域包括心理學(xué)研究、圖像理解、合成臉部動畫、機器人技術(shù)及虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)等。
子空間分析法是人臉表情識別技術(shù)中發(fā)展的一種較為成熟的方法，它能夠?qū)Ω呔S的人臉圖像降維，然后在低維的子空間中實現(xiàn)表情識別。非負矩陣分解（Non-negative Matrix Factorization，NMF）是一種新的子空間分析方法，NMF方法要求子空間的基以及樣本在空間上的投影系數(shù)都是非負的，這一約束導(dǎo)致了投影到子空間的數(shù)據(jù)只能是子空間基的加性組合，而不存在減運算。因此，所獲得的對數(shù)據(jù)表示的非負基所張成的子空間是非正交且部分無界的，使得對數(shù)據(jù)的表示更為緊湊，冗余性也更小，表示效率更高，即對圖像具有更好的夾逼性，從而更有利于對圖像的表示。因此，人臉表情特征的提取中，非負矩陣分解克服了其他分解方法在特征臉空間上投影得到的投影系數(shù)可能出現(xiàn)正負相互抵消的情況。非負矩陣分解中，無論是特征圖像，投影系數(shù)以及重建圖像，都能保證是非負的。
在人臉表情識別中，文獻[1]提出了一種基于非負矩陣分解與支持向量機相結(jié)合的面部表情識別方法，使用NMF算法進行表情特征提取，采用支持向量機進行表情分類，在JAFFE表情庫中取得了有效的識別。文獻[2]提出了一種基于二維非負矩陣因子的人臉表情識別方法，運用二維矩陣結(jié)合NMF進行表情特征提取，采用最近鄰分類器進行分類，也取得了不錯的識別。文獻[1]和文獻[2]都是在表征面部的整幅圖像進行矩陣分解，對無遮擋的人臉進行表情識別，為了能對有遮擋的人臉表情識別具有較強的魯棒性，本文提出了一種基于改進的NMF算法的人臉表情識別方法。
1 非負矩陣分解算法
非負矩陣分解算法（Non-negative Matrix Factorization，NMF）是Lee等人[3]提出的一種新的矩陣分解方法，NMF的主要思想是分解后的基圖像矩陣和系數(shù)矩陣中的元素均是非負的。非負性約束使得基圖像之間只能通過相加的方式進行線性組合，這與人臉由局部特征組合而成的思想是一致的。由于局部特征表示方法對面部遮擋及光照具有一定的魯棒性，適于解決人臉圖像問題。
NMF問題可描述為：對一個m×n的非負性矩陣V，可將其分解為一個m×r的基圖像矩陣W和一個r×n的系數(shù)矩陣H的乘積。
V=WH (1)
式（1）中基圖像矩陣W的每一列代表一個基圖像。通常r的取值滿足（m+n）r
當NMF采用V的散度來近似Y=WH時，NMF算法等價于求解如下優(yōu)化問題[4]：
(2)
式（2）中，W和H滿足關(guān)系式W,H≥0。
通過乘法形式的修正式，可以得到上述優(yōu)化問題的局部最優(yōu)解，從而獲得NMF基圖像。其迭代公式如下：
(3)
2 改進的非負矩陣分解算法
在人臉表情識別應(yīng)用中，NMF算法雖然能將表征人臉各部分的基圖像進行線性組合從而表征整個表情圖像，但是，NMF算法只是近似的分解成兩個非負矩陣的積，并沒有明確考慮數(shù)據(jù)的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)和判別性信息。為此本文改進的NMF算法是在NMF算法的基礎(chǔ)上引入類內(nèi)類間離散度約束，得到判別性較強的矩陣分解。改進的NMF算法的目標函數(shù)為
(4)
式（4）中矩陣V是由n幅人臉表情圖像V1，V2，V3，…，Vn構(gòu)成的訓(xùn)練集，矩陣W是由r個基圖像構(gòu)成的子空間W=[W1，W2，…,Wr]。γ和δ為正常數(shù)。W和b分別代表類內(nèi)離散度矩陣和類間離散度矩陣，均由投影后的圖像矢量i=WTVi定義。設(shè)c為所有樣本可分的類數(shù)，nr為屬于第r類中的樣本數(shù)，則類內(nèi)散度矩陣和類間離散度矩陣定義為：
(5)
(6)
式中(r)代表第r類投影后樣本數(shù)的均值矢量，即。為所有投影后樣本數(shù)的均值矢量，即 。其中N為樣本總數(shù)，即。
3 實驗結(jié)果及分析
實驗在Cohn-Kanade人臉表情數(shù)據(jù)庫[5]上進行。為了減少非關(guān)鍵信息干擾，本文先對原始圖像進行剪切、幾何歸一化和灰度歸一化等預(yù)處理，處理后的圖像為60×90。實驗中從表情數(shù)據(jù)庫中選取15個測試者作為樣本，每個測試者有六種不同的表情，即生氣、厭惡、恐懼、高興、悲傷、驚奇，每個測試者每種表情有9幅圖像組成表情序列，這些序列幀用于訓(xùn)練和測試。其中，選取每個測試者每種表情的4幅圖像作為訓(xùn)練樣本集，其余圖像作為測試集。為了比較NMF和改進的NMF方法的性能，本文對無遮擋的表情圖像用這兩種方法進行實驗，而為了驗證改進的NMF算法對存在遮擋表情圖像的識別具有魯棒性，本文對存在眼睛、嘴巴遮擋的表情圖像只用改進的NMF算法進行實驗。本文用最大相關(guān)分類器進行表情分類。
在無遮擋的人臉表情識別中，NMF算法正確識別率是生氣94.7%，厭惡85.3%，恐懼88%，高興92%，悲傷89.3%，驚奇84%。改進的NMF算法對六種表情正確識別率為生氣97.3%，厭惡86.7%，恐懼90.7%，高興93.3%，悲傷90.7%，驚奇85.3%。由實驗結(jié)果比較可知，在對每一種基本表情的識別中，改進的NMF算法都比NMF算法正確識別率有所提高。
在有遮擋的人臉表情識別中，首先對原始圖像進行人工處理，分別得到眼睛遮擋和嘴巴遮擋的表情圖像，然后對有遮擋的表情圖像進行實驗如上所述。改進的NMF算法對六種表情的識別效果如圖1所示。
由圖1知，眼睛遮擋時，對生氣、厭惡和驚奇三種基本表情的正確識別率下降較大，生氣降到89.3%，厭惡下降到82.7%，驚奇下降到78.7%?？梢钥闯鲅劬φ趽鯇ι鷼?、厭惡、驚奇影響較大；嘴巴遮擋時，對生氣、恐懼、高興、驚奇四種基本表情的正確識別率下降較大，分別下降到88%，76%，86.7%，77.3%，可以看出嘴巴遮擋對生氣、恐懼、高興、驚奇影響較大；眼睛遮擋和嘴巴遮擋相比，嘴巴遮擋對六種基本表情的正確識別率更低。由實驗可知，嘴巴遮擋對表情識別的分類影響較大，其次是眼睛遮擋。
4 結(jié)論
本文提出了一種基于改進的非負矩陣分解算法的人臉表情識別，對無遮擋和存在遮擋的人臉分別進行了實驗，實驗顯示了改進的非負矩陣的優(yōu)越性，尤其是對存在遮擋的人臉表情的識別具有較強的魯棒性。
參考文獻：
[1] 章國藝,應(yīng)自爐. 基于非負矩陣分解的面部表情識別研究[J].五邑大學(xué)學(xué)報,2009,23(3):28-31.
[2] 黃勇.非負因子及在人臉表情識別中的應(yīng)用[J].計算機工程與應(yīng)用,2010,46(26):182-187.
[3] Lee D D,Seung H S.Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization[J].Nature,1999,401(6755):788-791.
[4] Lee D D,Seung H S.Algorithm for non-negative matrix factorization[C]//Advances in neural information processing systems[C].Cambridge,MA,USA:MIT press,2001:556-562.
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